High School CTE Tennessee Standards

Define the role of accounting in business, and compare and contrast the various functions and roles of accountants and bookkeepers. Explain the importance of accounting in both for-profit and non-profit businesses.

Drawing on research from sources such as the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), identify the skills needed to succeed in accounting and finance-related fields. Using real-time labor market data, investigate opportunities for job growth in these fields. Take a career interest inventory to assess goals and aptitudes, and develop a career plan based on the results.

Research authentic vacancy announcements for accounting professionals on online job boards or the websites of major companies. Compare interests and skills from the career interest inventory with the requirements listed in job descriptions, such as education credentials and work experience. Based on the research, develop a profile of one such position, detailing what the typical work day, salary, and responsibilities of a chosen accounting professional look like in a given location and/or sector of the financial industry

Define the double-entry accounting system. Examine the accounting equation and the rules of debit and credit. Categorize specific accounts (i.e., assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, etc.) and analyze the impact of simple transactions on the accounting equation.

Using the fundamental steps of transaction analysis, demonstrate a thorough understanding of the accounting cycle by performing the items below. For example, review sample transactions presented either through source documents or in narrative form, then determine what accounts are affected and whether they increase or decrease as a result of the transaction. Classify the accounts as assets, liabilities, or owner’s (shareholders) equity, and create journal entries. Students should use both manual and computer based methods to develop accounting solutions in this course.

Collect and analyze source documents, including invoices, receipts, memorandums, check stubs, and calculator tape

Prepare financial statements (i.e., balance sheet, cash flow statement, income statement, change in equity statement, etc.)

Analyze each transaction

Journalize each transaction and post to ledgers

Prepare a trial balance and work sheet

After journalizing, posting, and adjusting, prepare a post-closing trial balance

Outline the major stages of the merchandising business cycle and review inventory control and payment terms (i.e., just-in-time [JIT] inventory, cash, trade, quantity, seasonal discounts, etc.). While examining the financial records of a business, determine the cost of merchandise inventory and cost of merchandise sold for a given range of products in a specified time period, analyzing the impact on business profitability. For example, perform simple “what if” analysis to determine the range of profitability, based on changing variables of the cost of merchandise sold and merchandise inventory in relationship to operating costs, such as salaries, equipment, supplies, and overhead.

Examine financial statements and analyze the effects of changing revenue and expenses on net income and assets. Identify trends within a company’s financial information and compare and contrast present performance to past performance, as well as to industry competitors and overall averages. Evaluate the impact of basic changes in current assets, liabilities, revenues, and net income on liquidity and profitability. For example, an increase in the cash in bank account will drive an increase in the current and quick ratios (liquidity) of a company. Based on the analysis, develop business strategies to improve liquidity and profitability.

Explore cash control systems, and evaluate the importance of these systems to the security and stability of a business. Outline and demonstrate the steps for maintaining a checking account, including properly writing checks, tracking the checkbook balance, and reconciling that balance with the bank statement. Practice journalizing NSF (Not Sufficient Funds) checks, bank fees, and business credit card fees.

Compare and contrast different means of paying employees, evaluating which methods provide the best motivation to reach company goals. Establish a complete payroll system, including reviewing various means of tracking hours worked, completing a payroll register, Approved Jan. 30, 2015; Amended Sept. 5, 2017 Page 4 preparing an employee earnings record, and cutting employee checks. Journalize and post for each account affected in the process.

Use the federal tax tables published by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to calculate the correct tax withholding for each employee, justifying the selection. Journalize and post to reflect the payment of the ongoing payroll liabilities, including Federal Income Tax, Social Security and Medicare taxes, Medical Insurance, and any other withholdings

Analyze the need for strong ethics in the field of accounting and for ongoing reputable business operations. Determine how GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) rules serve the business world and create a standard for building and evaluating financial statements. Conduct research on various fraud cases and report on how they were discovered. Submit an analysis on which of the GAAP rules were violated and write persuasively to describe what could have been done to prevent these frauds.

Develop and refine clear verbal and written communication techniques in order to properly describe and explain accounting methods and procedures. Practice narrating such procedures to mock “peer clients” as would a financial service professional, translating technical concepts into everyday language a potential customer could understand. Through small group projects and presentations, gain an understanding of the importance of teamwork and leadership, and model proper interpersonal business behavior needed to establish rapport and trust with clients.

Utilizing spreadsheet software, enter, organize, manipulate, calculate, and graph (by incorporating charts, graphs, and pivot tables) accounting data into professional spreadsheets. Integrate visual representations of data from spreadsheets into a professional presentation summarizing the financial position of a company, identifying the company’s financial strengths and weaknesses.

As part of a collaborative or end-of-course project, conduct a mock accounting review to demonstrate workplace skills required in the profession. Interpret and analyze financial documents to derive accounting solutions. Prepare a glossary of key terms to help explain the recommendations and procedures, citing evidence from financial document analysis. Upon completion of the project, deliver a presentation or create a summary document demonstrating the ability to communicate the accounting process, explaining how procedures and principles were followed to achieve project goals.

Mock Accounting Review

Ethics and Effective Business Communication

Key Business Processes

Analysis of Financial Data

Double-Entry Accounting Process

Exploration of Accounting Careers

Define the role of accounting in business and compare and contrast the various functions and roles of accountants and bookkeepers. Explain the importance of accounting in both for-profit and non-profit businesses.

Use the federal tax tables published by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to calculate the correct tax withholding for each employee, justifying the selection. Journalize and post to reflect the payment of the ongoing payroll liabilities, including Federal Income Tax, Social Security and Medicare taxes, Medical Insurance, and any other withholdings

Analyze the need for strong ethics in the field of accounting and for ongoing reputable business operations. Determine how GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) rules serve the business world and create a standard for building and evaluating financial statements. Conduct research on various fraud cases and report on how they were discovered. Submit an analysis on which of the GAAP rules were violated and write persuasively to describe what could have been done to prevent these frauds.

Develop and refine clear verbal and written communication techniques in order to properly describe and explain accounting methods and procedures. Practice narrating such procedures to mock “peer clients” as would a financial service professional, translating technical concepts into everyday language a potential customer could understand. Through small group projects and presentations, gain an understanding of the importance of teamwork and leadership, and model proper interpersonal business behavior needed to establish rapport and trust with clients.

Utilizing spreadsheet software, enter, organize, manipulate, calculate, and graph (by incorporating charts, graphs, and pivot tables) accounting data into professional spreadsheets. Integrate visual representations of data from spreadsheets into a professional presentation summarizing the financial position of a company, identifying the company’s financial strengths and weaknesses.

As part of a collaborative or end-of-course project, conduct a mock accounting review to demonstrate workplace skills required in the profession. Interpret and analyze financial documents to derive accounting solutions. Prepare a glossary of key terms to help explain the recommendations and procedures, citing evidence from financial document analysis. Upon completion of the project, deliver a presentation or create a summary document demonstrating the ability to communicate the accounting process, explaining how procedures and principles were followed to achieve project goals.

Drawing on research from sources such as the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), identify the skills needed to succeed in accounting and finance-related fields. Using real-time labor market data, investigate opportunities for job growth in these fields. Take a career interest inventory to assess goals and aptitudes and develop a career plan based on the results.

Research authentic vacancy announcements for accounting professionals on online job boards or the websites of major companies. Compare interests and skills from the career interest inventory with the requirements listed in job descriptions, such as education credentials and work experience. Based on the research, develop a profile of one such position, detailing what the typical workday, salary, and responsibilities of a chosen accounting professional look like in a given location and/or sector of the financial industry.

Define the double-entry accounting system. Examine the accounting equation and the rules of debit and credit. Categorize specific accounts (i.e., assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, etc.) and analyze the impact of simple transactions on the accounting equation.

Using the fundamental steps of transaction analysis, demonstrate a thorough understanding of the accounting cycle by performing the following:

Collect and analyze source documents, including invoices, receipts, memorandums, check stubs, and calculator tape

Analyze each transaction

Journalize each transaction and post to ledgers

Prepare a trial balance and work sheet

After journalizing, posting, and adjusting, prepare a post-closing trial balance

Prepare financial statements (i.e., balance sheet, cash flow statement, income statement, change in equity statement, etc.)

Outline the major stages of the merchandising business cycle and review inventory control and payment terms (i.e., just-in-time [JIT] inventory, cash, trade, quantity, seasonal discounts, etc.). While examining the financial records of a business, determine the cost of merchandise inventory and cost of merchandise sold for a given range of products in a specified time period, analyzing the impact on business profitability. For example, perform simple “what if” analysis to determine the range of profitability, based on changing variables of the cost of merchandise sold and merchandise inventory in relationship to operating costs, such as salaries, equipment, supplies, and overhead.

Examine financial statements and analyze the effects of changing revenue and expenses on net income and assets. Identify trends within a company’s financial information and compare and contrast present performance to past performance, as well as to industry competitors and overall averages. Evaluate the impact of basic changes in current assets, liabilities, revenues, and net income on liquidity and profitability. For example, an increase in the cash in bank account will drive an increase in the current and quick ratios (liquidity) of a company. Based on the analysis, develop business strategies to improve liquidity and profitability.

Explore cash control systems and evaluate the importance of these systems to the security and stability of a business. Outline and demonstrate the steps for maintaining a checking account, including properly writing checks, tracking the check book balance, and reconciling that balance with the bank statement. Practice journalizing NSF (Not Sufficient Funds) checks, bank fees, and business credit card fees.

Compare and contrast different means of paying employees, evaluating which methods provide the best motivation to reach company goals. Establish a complete payroll system, including reviewing various means of tracking hours worked, completing a payroll register, preparing an employee earnings record, and cutting employee checks. Journalize and post for each account affected in the process.

Business Ethics

Accounting in a Business Startup and Expansion

Accounting Applications and Implications

Finalization and Analysis of Data

Collection and Recording

Accounting Processes and Operations

Demonstrate a thorough understanding of the accounting cycles of merchandising, manufacturing, and service businesses while performing actions necessary to plan, control, and evaluate business operations. Differentiate between inventory for both merchandising and manufacturing businesses and explain how the different types of businesses apply appropriate valuation methods when preparing financial statements.

Research IRS.gov for multiple small business and self-employment forms/publications detailing important tax information related to the various stages of owning a business, from starting and filing for an Employer Identification Number (EIN), to operating and closing. Follow procedures to complete sample federal income tax employment/payroll forms (i.e., 940, 941, 944, W2) for small businesses, including social security and Medicare taxes, FUTA, and self-employment taxes. Prepare quarterly and end-of-tax-year examples for a real or fictitious small business.

Examine the steps required to form and expand a partnership. Analyze the transactions necessary for forming a partnership, admitting new partners, and distributing net income among partners, including identification of federal income tax forms for partnerships.

Investigate the process for incorporating a business. Accurately analyze practices and business forms related to the start-up of a corporation, including but not limited to stock subscriptions, dividends declaration, dividend payment, capital acquisition, and treasury stock. Include in the examination income tax filing requirements for corporations and note SEC (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission) requirements for expansion of existing stocks in the process. Prepare an argumentative text intended for a simulated business which affirms the advantages of incorporating versus remaining a sole proprietorship or partnership.

Explore the business model used by franchised companies. Compare and contrast depictions of the process used by companies to expand into a franchising business and the process used by franchisees to buy into the franchise. Analyze the financial obligations associated with franchised businesses for both the franchisor and franchisee.

Investigate codes of ethics from professional organizations in accounting, personal finance, and banking and GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and examine areas of commonality. Synthesize principles from the codes investigated including separation of duties to create a personal code of ethics.

Examine real-world situations that involve ethical dilemmas and the application of correct professional conduct as highlighted in recent news articles. Craft an argumentative essay making a claim about the importance of ethics and professional standards for persons working in the accounting pathway, citing examples from case studies to argue for the relevance of professional codes of conduct.

Collect source documents used to track transactions in accounting processes, such as invoices, receipts, memorandums, check stubs, deposit slips, and electronic records. Describe the process used by a merchandising business to prepare, review, and analyze source documents as part of the accounting cycle, citing evidence from sample documents.

Maintain accurate and balanced records for all accounts analyzed throughout the duration of the course. Analyze source documents of increasing complexity within a variety of merchandising, manufacturing, and service operations. For a given transaction, determine debits and credits; journalize transactions in the general journal or special journals; post to the general ledger and subsidiary ledger accounts; and determine the ending balances of each account.

Gather sample accounting worksheets from public records, textbooks, or other company templates to determine how merchandising businesses prepare financial records. Drawing on this information, prepare an original 10 column worksheet. Define and provide examples of key categories and terms, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, and various tax accounts.

Demonstrate accurate analysis of financial data by performing the following processes:

Prepare the post-closing trial balance

Record and post adjusting entries to affected supplies, inventory, notes receivable, insurance, accounts payable, and tax accounts

Prepare and analyze financial statements

Record closing entries of temporary accounts, including revenue, expense, and withdrawals accounts

Compare and contrast the cost accounting records for a merchandising business with a manufacturing business.

For a merchandising business, analyze the means of tracking and accounting for physical inventory and determining the actual cost of the merchandise resold to customers. Calculate the ending balance of the inventory account using the adjustment process

In a manufacturing business, review the components of systems used to maintain records of manufacturing costs. Differentiate between job order and process cost accounting and demonstrate an understanding of the advantages of each system for different manufacturing processes. Track the flow of inventory in the product process, from raw materials to work-in-process to finished goods inventory

For both businesses, account for direct labor, direct material, and factory overhead budgeting

Analyze an annual report for a service, merchandising, and manufacturing business, identifying the major sections and the implications of the financial data and statements included within the report. Illustrate through a formal financial presentation how the comparison of budgeted to actual revenue, expenses, and cash amounts affects management decision making on matters such as budgetary planning, fiscal control policies, product line expansion, asset acquisition, downsizing, and operational improvements.

Examine various advanced applications of accounting for a merchandising business and analyze the implications that each has for the business’s profitability. Advanced applications include, but are not limited to, the following:

Prepare adjustments for uncollectible accounts using both the direct write-off and the allowance method

Analyze methods related to assigning cost to inventory, including the specific identification method, first-in first-out (FIFO) method, last-in first-out (LIFO) method, and weighted average cost method

Define depreciation in accounting contexts and determine the impact of depreciation on a variety of goods in different industries (i.e., manufacturing, agriculture, retail services, and more). For a selected firm in one of these industries, analyze and journalize acquisition, depreciation, and disposal of a plant asset, then calculate depreciation using the straight-line, declining balance, and sum-of-the-years digits methods.

Information Management & Integration

Presentation Software

Spreadsheet Applications

Word Processing and Publishing

Secure Technology Operations

Correctly and safely execute basic file management operations on a typical personal computer and shared storage media, including the opening, creating, copying, moving, deleting, and renaming of files and folders, as well as searching for a specified file or folder on local hard drives, removable storage, or networked storage media. Build upon this knowledge to effectively use cloud storage and/or online digital collaboration platforms and file sharing applications. Appraise file storage needs for a given project, recommend and effectively employ the appropriate file storage and sharing solution given project characteristics.

Translate quantitative or technical information between text, visuals, data, and equations by accurately creating and using tables.

Effectively navigate between tables and ranges, adding or removing cells and defining titles

Modify styles and format of a table to convey meaning, including applying styles, banding rows and columns, and inserting totals or averages

Filter and sort information effectively, including filtering records, sorting data on multiple columns, changing sort order to highlight specific information, and removing duplicates to enhance analysis

Accurately determine appropriate calculations (formulas and functions) for analysis to draw conclusions about sets of data, including:

Utilize cell range and references (relative, mixed, absolute) to complete functions accurately based on specific question sought to address, including accurate understanding of order of operations

Summarize data with functions such as sum, average, minimum, maximum, and count

Utilize conditional logic in functions (if-then statements) to accurately discriminate data for analysis

Format and modify text with functions

Analyze needed structure and objects (such as charts and graphs) to convey particular meaning or draw conclusions from a dataset.

Create charts and graphs that summarize appropriate data series, including differentiating between rows and columns in source data

Format charts and graphs by modifying legends, sizes, parameters, layouts and styles and positioning

Insert and format an object (such as a textbox, SmartArt or image) and format its border, positioning, properties, styles and effects and colors

Building on standards from Computer Applications, use presentation software to create and manage clear and coherent multimedia presentation materials for a given audience, task, purpose, and length of presentation. Fluently navigate software to:

Create new presentations from blank slides, templates, and important files and/or file content (such as outlines or text from word processing files)

Format a presentation to achieve a style appropriate to a given audience and industry by applying slide masters, layouts, background images, page numbers, headers and footers, and presentation themes

Customize presentation options and views to ensure accurate page setup, printing (color/grayscale), and navigation

Configure presentations to print for handouts or notes and save to maintain appropriate settings by determining most applicable handout print options, package presentations for CD, save presentations as webpages, and maintain backwards compatibility where needed

Configure and present slideshows in a public speaking setting, paying close attention to slide timing, resolution, annotations, options, and appropriate views for a given presentation venue

For a given content, select and employ appropriate structure to convey meaning and organize information into categories and hierarchies appropriately, including:

Add slide layouts, duplicate, hide, and delete slides, and modify slide backgrounds and styles

Insert and format shapes, including applying borders, resizing, and applying styles to both custom and template shapes

Order and group shapes and slides by inserting section headers, modifying slide order, aligning and grouping shapes, and displaying gridlines

Create slide content that is clear and coherent, in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to a given task, purpose, and audience, including:

Insert and format text such as WordArt, columns, hyperlinks, and bulleted and numbered lists

Insert and format tables and charts, including modifying rows, columns, and legends, applying styles, modifying parameters and importing from external sources

Insert and format SmartArt and images, including adding shapes, changing colors, adding and moving text, resize, crop, and apply styles

Insert and format appropriate media, including video and audio clips, by adjusting window size, setting start/stop times, setting options, and linking to external sources

Effectively employ transitions and animations to convey meaning without distracting from slide content.

Insert transitions between slides, manage multiple transitions, and modify transition effect options

Animate slide content including applying animations to shapes and paths and modifying animation properties

Set timings for transitions and animations to ensure appropriate duration, order, and start/stop times for effects

Develop, manage, and strengthen content by planning, revising, and editing presentations, including:

Merge content from multiple presentations and reuse appropriate slides with separate or similar formatting

Track changes and resolve differences (such as discarding changes or managing comments) to focus on what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience

Protect and share presentations using encryption, passwords, media compression, and permissions, while ensuring accessibility and compatibility are maintained for a given situation or scenario

Throughout the course, conduct a sustained research project to answer a question or solve a problem. Synthesize research into an argument that is established, developed, and supported with multiple sources of data and evidence. Demonstrate authentic technical skills in word processing, presentations, and spreadsheet applications, effectively combining functionality of multiple software applications to present a coherent final project, including a report (with imported data, appendixes, etc.) and presentation with appropriate citations from text. Use selected technology to produce, publish, and update final projects.

Select a historical event, scientific procedure, or technical process to narrate in a comprehensive report and presentation, practicing effective word processing, spreadsheet, and presentation skills. Develop and strengthen writing and data organization through planning, revising, peer-review, editing, and rewriting throughout the course.

Correctly and safely import and export digital files (such as text, audio, video, and picture files in a variety of formats) from local and networked devices, choosing and employing the correct cables, removable storage media, and/or hardwired or wireless network connections. Perform basic troubleshooting as needed for enhancing productivity and optimizing performance of devices such as cameras, scanners, printers, and tablets. Perform basic operations to change file types for effective use in typical software applications. For example, connect an iPad via a wireless network, download photos from the device, and change the format of the photos from .jpg to .png format for use in a presentation application.

Building on standards from Computer Applications, create and manage professional documents of business activities to communicate with internal and external stakeholders. Fluently navigate word processing software to complete the following:

Create a document from a blank document, template, imported file, or non-native document imported into word processing software

Search for text within a document, insert hyperlinks, create bookmarks and use “Go To” functionality efficiently

Modify page setup, select and employ appropriate document themes and style set(s) for a given project and insert headers, footers, page numbers, and watermarks

Customize viewing options to effectively navigate a project using application tools such as zoom, toolbars, ribbons, macros, and shortcut keys

Configure documents to scale, print, and save effectively, including maintaining backwards compatibility with previous software versions and password protecting if necessary

Effectively review, revise, and format text, paragraphs, and sections for a specific type of word processing file (such as a company report, memo, or invoice) by completing the following skills fluently:

Revise documents using find and replace, copy and paste, AutoCorrect, and inserting special characters where needed

Edit documents by changing font attributes, using format painter tools, highlighting where needed, and using WordArt

Effectively determine and update paragraph, line, and character spacing

Discriminate between appropriate and inappropriate ordering and grouping of text, objects, and sections, creating a professional document by preventing paragraph “widows” and “orphans,” inserting breaks in pages and sections, utilizing columns where appropriate, and modifying object formatting for smooth flow of text

Choose, employ, and manipulate text structure tools such as tables and lists to convey specific information accurately, demonstrating understanding of categories or hierarchies in the information, by completing the following skills fluently:

Create a table by converting text, importing data from another application, defining table dimensions and labeling appropriately

Review and modify existing tables using styles, fonts, sorting and formula capabilities, and cell margin and table dimension configurations

Create and modify lists by employing bullets, numbering, and outlines and editing indention, spacing, and levels

Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, assessing the strengths and limitations of each source, and integrate the source accurately into the document using citations, references, and footnotes. Select appropriate notation formatting for a given style, such as Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), or the Chicago Manual of Style.

Integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoid plagiarism, and over-reliance on any one source

Insert, manage the locations, and auto-update endnotes, footnotes, citations, and bibliographies following a standard format

Add and modify the font, format, location, and position of captions

Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media in order to address a question or solve a problem.

Insert quick parts, textboxes, and customizable building blocks

Insert and format simple shapes and SmartArt, formatting their properties (color, size, shape) and text wrapping to seamlessly integrate into document

Insert and format image files, including modifying with effects and updating properties to ensure effective integration with text and other objects

Building on standards from Computer Applications, use a spreadsheet application to create and manage worksheets and workbooks for business functions such as invoices, financial statements, data review and summarization, and statistical analysis.

Create new workbooks from blank worksheets, templates, imported and nonnative files

Navigate through existing workbooks by searching for specific data, inserting hyperlinks, changing worksheet order and using “Go To” and “Name Box” functions

Format worksheets and workbooks using colors, page setup options, columns and rows, themes, watermarks, headers and footers, and setting data validation

Customize options and views for workbooks, including hiding columns, rows, and worksheets, editing toolbars, ribbons, and macros, freezing panes and utilizing short cut keys

Configure worksheets and workbooks for effective printing and saving, including setting print area, changing file formats, setting print scaling, and maintaining backwards compatibility if needed

Given a specific document purpose, accurately create cells and ranges to effectively manage data, draw conclusions from analysis, and structure for ease of readability.

Insert, review, and append data in cells and ranges using find and replace, copy and paste, AutoFill, expanding data across cells, and inserting and deleting cells

Format cells and ranges for a given purpose, including merging cells, modifying alignment, font, wrap-text, and indentation and employing WordArt and number formatting when appropriate

Order and group cells and ranges by applying conditional formatting, inserting sparklines, transposing columns and rows, creating named ranges, inserting subtotals, and collapsing groups of data

Occupational Safety

Safety Practices: Demonstrate the ability to comply with personal and environmental safety practices associated with textile applications: the use of adhesives; hand tools; machines; and the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals/materials in accordance with local, state, and federal safety and environmental regulations.

Inspect, maintain, and employ safe operating procedures with tools and equipment.

Adhere to responsibilities, regulations, and Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) policies regarding reporting of accidents and observed hazards, and regarding emergency response procedures.

Maintain a portfolio record of written safety examinations and equipment examination for which the student has passed an operational checkout by the instructor.

Professionalism and Ethics in Fashion Design

Performance Indicators: Collaboratively develop a professionalism rubric with performance indicators for each of the following professional attributes required within the fashion design industry:

creative design skills,

ethical fashion business practices,

honesty,

respect,

communication, and

responsibility.

Ethical Trading Initiative: Examine the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) and summarize its governance, mission, and strategies. Synthesizing popular commentary and scholarly perspectives on the Initiative and its effectiveness assess the domestic and global significance and implications of ETI’s Base Code on the textile industry and clothing market. Apply principles from the ETI Base Code to compose a personal code of ethics to follow in the fashion design industry.

Ethical Issues: Examine current and emerging ethical issues related to the fashion design industry (e.g., fur debate, unethical labor practices, and fashion-inspired body-image disorders). Choose one such issue and develop a claim about its impact on the fashion industry’s image.

Project Management

Business Plans: Interpret and apply basic components of business plans to design and complete a comprehensive business plan for a specific fashion line. Generate formal strategies for marketing, financing, manufacturing, and labor in the context of domestic and global markets.

Budgets: Create an outline that illustrates the basic components of project budgets commonly used in fashion design proposals (e.g., itemized budgets, non-itemized budgets, fixed budgets, and flexible budgets). Implement outline components to generate a comprehensive budget for a potential seasonal fashion line.

Project Management: Examine how businesses in the fashion design industry conduct project management processes. Compare and contrast components of project management models gathered from case studies of major or local designers. Generate a project management template that addresses the objectives required for organizing and producing a fashion show.

Capstone Project

Fashion Design Knowledge: Demonstrate the application of advanced fashion design knowledge and skills to create a comprehensive, original fashion line with at least three pieces. Incorporate design and fabrication skills, technology applications and market indicators (e.g., trends, forecasting, target markets) to plan, problem-solve, and attain project goals. Project components may include but are not limited to the following:

Utilize computer-aided design software to illustrate project elements.

Create 3-Dimensional models of project elements.

Select and use appropriate materials and methods to fabricate project apparel.

Create a design narrative board using textile samples and fashion sketches.

Effects of Brand Strategies: Research the effects of brand strategies on creating product identity and enhancing sales. Examine print and digital resources to compare brand strategies used in fashion design; develop an original business logo and designer label for the fashion line.

Promotional Elements: Summarize the main elements of a promotional mix and examine promotional activities specific to the fashion design industry. Develop and implement a promotional campaign to strategically position and publicize the fashion line. Produce and deliver a technology-enhanced presentation of the promotional plan for the fashion collection that could be translated into a runway fashion show.

Career Portfolio

Portfolio: Compile important artifacts that represent professional skills and personal style to create a professional portfolio and accompanying electronic representation. Develop a plan to compile important artifacts that represent professional skills and personal style to create a professional portfolio and accompanying electronic representation. Develop a plan to distribute the electronic portfolio as part of a career job search and/or as admission to a postsecondary design institution.

Internship Option**

Internship: Participate in a work-based learning internship experience to develop, practice, and demonstrate skills outlined in the standards above. Internship should follow current Tennessee work-based learning guidelines as appropriate.

Journal: Create and continually update a personal journal to document internship activities. Draw connections between the experience and course content, thoughtfully reflecting on:

acquired leadership and technical skills,

problem-solving techniques and decision-making skills,

team member participation in a learning environment, and

personal career development.

Essay: Upon conclusion of the internship, write an informative essay summarizing the internship experience and next steps for personal and professional growth. Produce a technology-enhanced class presentation showcasing highlights, challenges, and lessons learned from the internship.

Ethics and Professionalism

Technology Usage: Demonstrate an understanding of ethical and professional standards for using technology in an office/business setting, including topics such as confidentiality, data ownership, and intellectual property rights.

Professional Behavior: Demonstrate professional behavior and communication skills, including effective writing and presentation skills, and the ability to work collaboratively and adapt to changing technological environments.

Collaboration

Collaboration Tools: Demonstrate proficiency in using online collaboration tools such as Google apps, Teams, and OneDrive to work with colleagues and share documents in realtime.

Cloud Computing: Demonstrate an understanding of cloud computing concepts and tools, such as Google Workspace and Office 365, and be able to use these tools to collaborate, store, and share data securely.

Project Management: Use project management principles and tools including Gantt charts, timelines, and resource allocation, and apply these skills in an office/business setting.

Email Operations

Contacts: Import, edit, and share contacts. Create and update contact groups.

Settings and Processes: Using an email application such as Outlook or Gmail, perform the following tasks:

configure mail settings (e.g., fonts, replies to messages, and signatures);

create folders and perform searches of messages, contacts, and calendar items; and

print and save information, including calendar information, task information, and attachments that have been verified as safe.

Messages: Create messages that include attachments, courtesy copy (CC), blind courtesy copy (BCC), set importance of message, forward and reply to messages, insert hyperlinks and images. Organize received messages into folders.

Schedules: Using the calendar feature, set recurring calendar items, create calendar items from messages, and, create, send, and cancel meetings.

Advanced Word Processing

Advanced Formatting: Building on skills learning in Principles of Office Applications, utilize advanced formatting techniques, including the use of styles, themes, and templates to create professional and visually appealing documents. They should also be proficient in customizing headers, footers, page numbers, and section breaks to meet specific document requirements.

Advanced Page Layout and Design: Create professional-level documents by applying advanced page layout and design techniques, including customizing headers and footers, and using sections and breaks effectively.

Mail Merge and Automation: Utilize the mail merge to automate the creation of personalized documents, including letters, labels, envelopes, and email messages, by integrating data from external sources such as Excel or Outlook contacts.

Advanced Document Management: Create and update tables of contents, insert and manage footnotes/endnotes, create, and manage indexes, and create hyperlinks and bookmarks for easy navigation within documents.

Advanced Document Customization: Customize user interface, options, and settings to optimize their workflow and tailor the application to their specific needs. For example, customize the Quick Access Toolbar, ribbon tabs, keyboard shortcuts, and autocorrect options.

Advanced Graphics and Multimedia: Incorporate advanced graphics and multimedia elements into documents, such as inserting and formatting SmartArt diagrams; embedding and formatting images, videos, and audio clips; and utilizing advanced features like WordArt and shapes.

Advanced Spreadsheet Operations

Data Validation and Protection: Implement data validation rules to ensure data integrity, apply advanced conditional formatting techniques to highlight data patterns and anomalies, and protect worksheets and workbooks using features like password protection, worksheet protection, and workbook structure protection.

Data Analysis and Visualization: Analyze data effectively using advanced data analysis tools and techniques in Excel, such as PivotTables, PivotCharts, data validation, conditional formatting, and advanced filtering, to analyze and visualize complex data sets effectively.

Advanced Charting and Graphing: Create and customize advanced charts and graphs in Excel, including utilizing Box and Whisker, Combo, Funnel, Histogram, and conditional formatting to visually represent data in a meaningful way.

Formulas and Functions: Building on skills learning in Principles of Office Applications, demonstrate proficiency in using advanced formulas and functions in Excel, including logical functions, lookup and reference functions, statistical functions, and array formulas, to perform complex calculations and data analysis tasks.

Data Connections and External Data Sources: Connect Excel to external data sources, such as databases, web data, and SharePoint lists, and demonstrate proficiency in importing, refreshing, and transforming data from these sources using Power Query and Power Pivot.

Collaboration and Integration: Collaborate with others effectively using Excel's collaboration features, including sharing workbooks, tracking changes, and merging workbooks. Integrate Excel with other Office 365 applications, such as Word and PowerPoint, to create dynamic reports and presentations.

Data Collection and Analysis

Data Analysis and Visualization: Students will be able to perform data analysis and visualization tasks using appropriate tools and techniques to identify patterns, trends, and insights in the collected data.

Forms Design and Development: Students will be able to design and develop custom forms using appropriate tools and techniques, including using online form builders and HTML and CSS, to collect data efficiently and effectively.

Data Collection and Management: Students will be able to collect, manage, and store data using various methods and platforms, including spreadsheets, databases, online surveys, and cloud storage, to ensure data quality and accessibility.

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity: Demonstrate an understanding of basic cybersecurity principles and best practices, including password management, network security, and data privacy, and be able to apply these skills in an office/business setting.

Ethics, Government Regulations, and Global Implications of Marketing

Promotional Campaigns

Public Relations

Utilizing Marketing Research and Data Management

Social Media and Digital Marketing

Sales Promotion

Advertising

Concepts of Promotional Mix

Segmentation and Target Marketing

Marketing Mix

Articulate important historical events and milestones (such as compulsory education, industrial revolution, and transportation improvements) impacting evolution of current advertising industry. Compare and contrast characteristics of the current advertising and public relations industry with those found the past.

Write an informative narrative summarizing how media costs are determined, citing specific textual evidence and using domain-specific language. Include factors that affect media rates and methods to compare rates.

Identify the elements of a print-based advertisement (such as headline, illustration, copy, signature, or logo) and analyze their relationship to the principles of effective advertising design (e.g., balance, color, proportion).

Demonstrate an understanding of effective advertising copywriting and design by creating an ad layout. Write peer reviews critiquing the design, key message, and probable effect on target audience. Develop and strengthen writing by revising and editing layout based on peer feedback.

Compare various forms of sales promotion (such as coupons, contests, fashion shows, product samples, rebates, and incentives) and determine methods for measuring results of each. Craft a claim about the return on investment from a particular promotion, providing specific examples of company benefit from perceived consumer value.

Explain the value of social media marketing for increasing market reach and customer interaction. Compare and contrast features and benefits of major social media applications (such as social networks, video sharing, and interaction tools as well as mobile marketing, blogs, and other forms of “push” media). Synthesize characteristics and components of each application by creating a decision tree for selecting tools and strategies that will result in effective brand promotion and customer interaction based on product and market characteristics.

Create a series of posts to promote a selected product or organization via social media using writing strategies and styles appropriate for the selected tool and immediacy of customer responses.

Identify and describe characteristics of essential features of a product website, including visual components, navigation features, and optimization for search engines. Create a rubric to evaluate the effectiveness of a website’s design and interactive features.

Interview individuals who have recently completed an online purchase by preparing interview questions that critique the experience, including documenting overall impressions of the product selection, purchasing experience, and the features that facilitated or hindered the website usage. Deliver a presentation synthesizing customer feedback based on the interviews.

Work in a team with identified roles and responsibilities to develop a website for product or brand promotion. Create a flowchart of website elements, consumer interaction points, and decision trees to identify steps in the product review, selection, and purchasing process. Execute the plan by designing, maintaining, and updating the website based on consumer feedback.

Explain the need for market research data, including both primary and secondary data. Identify and differentiate types of data available through electronic tracking methods (e.g. warranty registrations, sales records, online surveys, website cookies, and loyalty cards).

Research careers within the advertising and public relations industry, and document educational requirements as well as state and national guidelines governing practicing professionals (such as licensing, certifications, training, compliance). Identify potential training programs, schools, and examinations appropriate to obtain required credentials for a specific occupation.

Design a survey with a focus on product or service improvement; collect survey data, and interpret, analyze, and report key survey findings through charts or graphs. Write an argumentative essay that outlines recommendations for specific improvements, citing evidence found in survey findings.

Through the analysis of case studies, discuss the role of public relations in the promotional mix and identify various types of public relations strategies. Differentiate between public relations activities that are controllable and those that are not (e.g., BP’s news coverage after the gulf oil spill versus paid advertisements showing environmentally conscious behavior); include public relations vehicles used internally by companies in the analysis.

Through the analysis of case studies (e.g., Tylenol product recalls, Carnival Triumph’s electronic malfunction), examine the role of public relations in crisis management. Develop an explanatory narrative and accompanying timeline describing public relations strategies and tactics that were put in place to address negative publicity during a newsworthy crisis.

Develop a press kit for a product or student organization that includes a press release, fact sheet, and at least three strategies for marketing the product or organization to a target audience. Recommend one of the three options presented and substantiate the claim with evidence as to why that strategy would be ideal given the specified audience and context.

Using suitable strategies from the promotional mix, create a product promotional campaign which includes the following steps:

Establish Objectives

Identify the Target Market

Design Theme and Promotional Message

Choose Promotional Activities

Select Media

Allocate Budget Amounts

Measure Results

Summarize legal opinions and/or applicable legislation (such as “bait and switch” and use of nutritional labels) and industry self-regulation (including ethical considerations and social responsibility) applicable to the advertising and public relations industry.

Explore the implications of marketing to a global consumer; use case studies to evaluate how the customs and traditions of other countries affect American companies’ advertising messages in the global marketplace. Write recommendations for marketing a product in a selected country based on customs and traditions.

Analyze how the elements of the marketing mix (e.g., product, place, price, and promotion) create an image or position for a product or company. Investigate elements of the marketing mix using a specific product example and explain in an informative text how marketers make decisions about these elements based on the people they want to attract as customers.

Identify and describe characteristics of classifications of market segmentation (such as demographics, psychographics, and geography); analyze multiple case studies to draw conclusions and write a narrative explaining the benefits of segmentation for consumer messaging.

Research how targeting specific economic, social, or cultural groups can lead to a competitive advantage (e.g. calling attention to a brand’s social awareness efforts may increase sales of a specific product for those consumers who enjoy gourmet ice cream and who also have a preference for environmentally conscious products). Identify product marketing examples that narrowly segment their target audience, citing specific textual evidence from investigation to analyze producers’ purpose in developing specific marketing campaigns.

Define and differentiate between the components of the promotional mix (advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, direct marketing, and public relations) citing examples of specific products or services found in local community.

Define characteristics and implications for each of the four steps of the AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) formula. In groups, select a product and create example consumer engagement strategies that apply to each step.

Identify and distinguish between types of advertising media by creating a graphic organizer to compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Develop and defend claim(s) about which types are best suited for certain products, services, institutions, or events, citing authentic examples. For example, pharmaceuticals often utilize print media due to the lengthy disclaimer text that must accompany prescription drug advertising.

Distinguish between promotional and institutional advertising by creating examples of each for a local company or nonprofit organization.

Advertising and Public Relations History and Foundations

Evolution of Advertising and Public Relations: Identify important historical events and milestones (e.g., compulsory education, industrial revolution, and transportation improvements) that have helped the advertising and public relations industry evolve and examine the key characteristics to emerge from this evolution.

Advertising and Public Relations Careers: Research careers in the advertising and public relations industry, focusing on educational requirements and state and national guidelines governing practicing professionals (e.g., licensing, certifications, training, compliance). Identify potential training programs, schools, and examinations to obtain required credentials for a specific occupation.

Marketing Mix: Analyze how the elements of the marketing mix (e.g., product, place, price, and promotion) create an image or position for a product or company. Examine a specific product example to determine how marketers make decisions about these elements based their potential target audience.

Advertising Laws and Self-Regulation: Summarize legal opinions and/or applicable legislation (e.g., “bait and switch,” use of nutritional labels, etc.) and industry selfregulation (including ethical considerations and social responsibility) applicable to the advertising and public relations industries.

Market Segmentation

Market Segment Classifications: Identify the characteristics of market segment classifications (e.g., demographics, psychographics, and geography) and analyze case studies to determine the benefits of segmentation for consumer messaging.

Target Marketing: Research how targeting specific economic, social, or cultural groups can lead to a competitive advantage (e.g., calling attention to a brand’s social awareness efforts may increase sales of a specific product). Identify product marketing examples that narrowly segment their target audience and analyze the purpose in developing specific marketing campaigns.

Promotion

Promotional Mix: Identify the elements of the promotional mix (i.e. advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, direct marketing, and public relations), citing examples of specific products or services found in local community.

AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action): Define characteristics and implications for each of the four steps of the AIDA formula (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action). Select a product and create example consumer engagement strategies for each step.

Sales Promotion: Compare various types of sales promotion (e.g., coupons, contests, fashion shows, product samples, rebates, and incentives). Determine methods for measuring results of each, paying particular attention to a promotion’s return on investment and perceived consumer value.

Advertising

Advertising Media: Compare and contrast types of advertising media, analyzing which types are best suited for certain products, services, institutions, or events by citing authentic examples.

Promotional vs. Institutional Advertising: Distinguish between promotional and institutional advertising by creating examples of each for a local company or nonprofit organization.

Print-Based Advertisements: Identify the elements of a print-based advertisement (e.g., headline, illustration, copy, signature, or logo) and analyze their relationship to the principles of effective advertising design (e.g., balance, color, proportion).

Advertising Copy and Design: Demonstrate an understanding of effective advertising copy and design by creating an ad layout. Critique the design, key message, and probable effect on target audience and then revise and edit layout based on peer feedback.

Global Advertising: Evaluate how other countries’ customs and traditions affect American companies’ advertising messages in the global marketplace. Market a product in a selected country based on customs and traditions.

Digital and Mobile Advertising

Social Media Advertising: Explain the value of social media advertising for increasing market reach and customer interaction. Compare and contrast features and benefits of major social media platforms (e.g., Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, TikTok, etc.), synthesizing characteristics and components of each to determine which platforms will lead to effective brand promotion and customer interaction.

Creating Advertising Posts: Create a series of posts to promote a selected product or organization via social media using writing strategies and styles appropriate for the selected platform.

Product Website Design: Identify and describe the essential features of a product website, including visual components, navigation features, and search engine optimization and evaluate the effectiveness of a website’s design and interactive features.

Digital/Mobile Advertising Strategy: Identify the various forms of digital and mobile advertising. Design a digital or mobile advertisement to introduce or enhance a product’s or service’s current promotional programs and activities.

Marketing Research and Data Management

Market Research Data: Explain the need for market research data, including both primary and secondary data and identify the types of data available via electronic tracking methods (e.g., warranty registrations, sales records, online surveys, website cookies, and loyalty cards).

Survey Design: Design and distribute a survey that focuses on product or service improvement. Collect, interpret, analyze, and illustrate key survey findings with charts or graphs, outlining any recommendations for specific product or service improvements.

Public Relations

Public Relations Strategies: Discuss the role of public relations in the promotional mix and identify various public relations strategies, differentiating controllable and not controllable public relations activities (e.g., BP’s news coverage after the gulf oil spill versus paid advertisements showing environmentally conscious behavior).

Public Relations and Crisis Management: Examine case studies on the role of public relations in crisis management. Analyze public relations strategies and tactics to address negative publicity during a newsworthy crisis.

Public Relations Press Kit: Develop a press kit for a product or student organization that includes a press release, fact sheet, and at least three strategies for marketing the product or organization to a target audience. Recommend one of the three strategies and defend your recommendation based on audience and context.

Advertising Campaign

Designing an Advertising Campaign: Using suitable strategies from the promotional mix, create an advertising campaign for a product or service, which includes the following:

Establish Objectives

Identify the Target Market

Design Theme and Promotional Message

Choose Promotional Activities

Select Media

Prepare an advertising budget

Measure Results

Agriscience Safety and Careers

Safety: Identify and explain general laboratory safety procedures including, but not limited to, prevention and control procedures in agriscience laboratories. Demonstrate safety procedures and complete safety test with 100 percent accuracy.

Careers: Explore and compare local, regional, state, national, and global career opportunities in the agriscience industry. Use multiple print, online, and/or personal interview sources, to capture at minimum the following:

Job description

Essential knowledge and skills

Program or path of study to reach occupational goals, starting with high school through postsecondary and/or military options

Credentialing and/or licensure requirements

Non-educational job requirements such as minimum age, experience in the field, physical fitness tests, background checks or other notable evaluations

Resume writing

Fundamentals of Power and Energy Systems

Energy: Use models to evaluate the changes in energy in agricultural applications.

Define types of energies and objects present in a system.

Analyze the relations between changes in energy and work done on/by the system.

Use evidence to support that simple machines use a tradeoff in force for distance to accomplish the same amount of work, while obeying the law of conservation of energy.

Evaluate inefficiencies in designed systems that result from energy transfers to the surroundings.

Explain energy transfers through radiation and how energy transferred from the sun can be stored and transferred for later use.

Safety: Identify different models of producing electrical energy. Discuss the safety hazards as well as prevention and control methods relevant to electrical power models. Predict strategies to prevent or manage electrical hazards and evaluate the efficacy of the prevention measures.

Energy Consumption: Summarize methods and compare units used to benchmark energy use. Utilize the appropriate instruments needed to calculate and measure voltage, amperage, resistance, and wattage.

Fundamentals of Engines

Engine cycles: Develop models that explain how changes in chemical energy, thermal energy and states of matter allow the operation of small gasoline and diesel engine cycles.

Horsepower: Using mathematical models, calculate horsepower and thermal efficiency for a variety of internal combustion engines.

Agriscience Investigation and Overview

Overview: Articulate important historical and current events impacting the agricultural industry and agricultural youth development. Include landmark laws, theories, and practices such as, but not limited to, the Morrill Act, the Smith-Lever Act, the Smith-Hughes Act, and influential figures such as John Deere, Henry Groseclose, Booker T. Washington, and important government agencies in the promotion of knowledge and technology of agricultural science, biotechnology, and key technological developments.

Economic Impact: Analyze information to summarize the agricultural industry's economic impact. Explain the major agriculture commodity trends and its importance to Tennessee, the United States, and the global economy. Develop a foundational Supervised Agricultural Experience program that provides growth into an immersion SAE with an opportunity to implement multiple science and engineering practices:

AQDP – asking questions and developing problems

MOD – developing and using models

PCI – planning and carrying out investigations

AID – analyzing and interpreting data

UMCT - using mathematics and computational thinking

CEDS – constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering)

EAE – engaging in argument from evidence

OECI – obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Solutions: Define the criteria for successful solutions to common agricultural problems and identify relevant constraints (including social and political constraints). Include problems at the local, state, national, and global level. Evaluate solutions to these problems and how the solutions meet the defined criteria and constraints. For example, how to grow larger quantities of safe high-quality food on less land to feed the growing population.

Fundamentals of Environmental Systems

Systems: Research a variety of controlled environment systems including, but not limited to , aquaponic systems, from recycled bottles, hydroponic setups, wildlife habitats, greenhouses, etc. Design a controlled environment that accounts for the inputs, outputs, and stability of flows of matter from the major biogeochemical cycles – such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water.

Models: Develop models for the flow of energy and matter (inorganic forms and overall biomass) in various ecosystems impacting agricultural and environmental systems. Using these models, calculate rates of productivity by analyzing the major components of a food chain. Employ mathematical models to explain growth patterns and rates, both density-dependent and density-independent factors, observed in ecosystems energy and nutrients flow.

Biodiversity: Evaluate the impact of habitat fragmentation, destruction, and other environmental pressures, such as invasive species, overharvesting, pollution, and climate change on local and global biodiversity (genetic, species, and ecosystems.) Distinguish between types of pollution (point and not-point sources) and their sources to predict the effects on environmental conditions (e.g., water, soil, and air), animal populations, and plant populations from various kinds of human activity.

Fundamentals of Cell Structures and Processes

Cell Structures: Explain the major events of the eukaryotic cell cycle which accounts for a single cell growing into a multicellular plant or animal that may have its own reproductive capacity. Compare and contrast cell division in various eukaryotic cell types in plants and animals.

Processes: Gather evidence to support that the arrangement of cells into tissues, organs, and systems meets the needs of an entire organism. For example distribution of water and nutrients to all cells in plants and animals.

Fundamentals of Genetics, Genomics, and Heredity

Role of Genetics and Genomics: Evaluate the roles of genetics and genomics in understanding health and disease. Describe the impact genomics has made in the plant and animal science industry. Compare and contrast the important connections between these advancements, including, but not limited, to the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeater (CRISPR) technology and agricultural consumer's views about the way these technologies impact food products.

Genetic Data: Analyze and interpret data (e.g., pedigrees, genetic markers, birth weights) that supports how sexual and asexual reproduction in plants and animals contributes or limits to genetic variation in populations.

Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology

Animal Systems: Identify and describe the major animal body systems (skeletal, muscular, respiratory, digestive, nervous, circulatory, and reproductive). Develop explanations for the relationships between the structure of individual parts and their function in the larger system for common livestock, companion animal, and wildlife species. (E.g., Tendons transfer muscle movements to the skeletal system by attaching bones and muscles together.)

Form and Function: Apply the selection of specific traits to common animal breeds with different intended or domesticated uses, such as but not limited to draft horse versus light horse, meat cattle versus dairy cattle. Explain the form of domestic and wild animals to their intended uses or to their adaptive environmental niche.

Fundamentals of the BioChemistry of Animal Digestion

Digestion: Explain the sequential organization of the different types of digestive systems in domestic animals and compare and contrast anatomical and physiological differences between monogastric and ruminants and herbivores versus carnivores. Analyze the stages of digestion and associated processes, including enzymes and hormones, for a simple and multi-chambered stomach.

Nutritional Deficiencies: Develop a solution to eliminate dietary deficiencies identified through the analysis of feedstuffs. Solutions should adhere to specified criteria for proper nutrition based on animal purpose, age, lifespan, and relevant constraints such as environmental factors and expense.

Fundamentals of Plant and Soil Science

Fundamentals of Plant Growth: Apply concepts related to the basic cellular and biochemical process in plants to demonstrate the following:

Create a graphic illustration of the parts and functions of plant cells.

Use quantitative reasoning to balance chemical equations related to plant processes.

Interpret the role of physics within the cohesion/tension theory and its significance to plant life.

Examine the roles of photopigments and the effects of different colors of light on plant growth.

Fundamentals of Soil Science: Analyze models to explain the correlation between plant nutrient deficiencies and soil composition. Conduct basic soil analysis to determine the chemical elements and nutritional levels available in various soils that are essential for plant growth. Predict the ability of soils to meet the nutritional requirements of plants based on chemical composition, physical structure, and biological activity.

Fundamentals of Plant and Animal Reproductive Systems

Fundamentals of Plant Reproductive Systems: Compare and contrast the basic reproductive structures of plants, drawing out key differences between sexual and asexual reproduction processes used in plant reproduction.

Seed Anatomy: Using various seed models, analyze the structure and function of each to predict their roles in plant reproduction and propagation.

Fundamentals of Animal Reproduction Systems: Identify and describe the organs of the male and female animal reproductive systems that provide physiological functions. Compare and contrast the differences of the reproductive systems between small and large animal species.

Organization of the Human Body

Review the relationship between anatomy and physiology (A&P) from previous courses differentiating the major organ systems of the human body by their anatomy and physiology and engage in an argument about defined boundaries due to their functional connectivity. Characterize the organizational levels of the human body and observe patterns in cell types and tissue types across organ systems.

Use a human model to differentiate the major body cavities and organs located within them. Describe the model using proper anatomical and directional terminology for body regions, planes, and cavities.

Evaluate how organisms use positive and negative feedback mechanisms to maintain their internal environment and respond to external environmental changes. Investigate possible consequences that can occur if the body does not maintain homeostasis. Summarize how cellular metabolism can affect the body’s homeostatic state.

Support and Movement

Analyze the anatomical structures of the integumentary system and investigate their role in the physiological processes of protection, temperature homeostasis, and sensation. Assess the microscopic components of the skin layers in a cross-sectional image summarizing potential diseases, disorders, and syndromes possible for each layer.

Summarize the processes of bone formation, growth, and repair. Diagram microscopic bone structures, identifying regions that participate in hematopoiesis and storage of minerals and fat. Discuss diseases and disorders of the skeletal system as they relate to bone formation, growth, repair, hematopoiesis, and storage of minerals and fat.

Label on a skeleton, the major bones within the axial and appendicular divisions, relating their physiological roles in creating a body scaffold, internal organ protection, and anchor points for skeletal muscles participating in movement. Demonstrate the generation of movement of bones through antagonistic muscle groups.

Classify joints based on their structure and function. Compare and contrast the three types of joints and provide an example of each including the involvement of tendons, ligaments, bursae, and cartilage where applicable. Determine the effects of various types of arthritis on each category of joint.

Differentiate visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscle tissues based on anatomical criteria and their physiological role in the movement of body parts and/or substances. Model the gross and microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle and muscle fibers and provide examples of possible pathophysiology. Use the model to highlight major muscle groups and explain the physiology of skeletal muscle contraction.

Communication, Control and Integration

Model the major parts of the brain and spinal cord relating each to its source of sensory information and/or its primary target of regulation. Identify and describe the types of sensory receptors found in the human body and explain the structures, functions, and limitations of the human sensory systems: hearing, balance/proprioception, sight, touch, smell, and taste.

Label the cellular and subcellular structures of neurons and explain the molecular neurophysiology of membrane potentials and the conduction of information through synaptic transmission. Evaluate the process of action potentials of the nervous system and name the factors that affect the speed at which a nerve impulse travels.

Compare and contrast the anatomy of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system including possible diseases and disorders of each. Link structures to their physiological roles and include the structure and function of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems in the explanation. Interpret the importance of cerebrospinal fluid and its connection to circulation including the phenomenon of the blood-brain barrier within the brain in the explanation.

Relate the hormones produced by the endocrine system to the glands that produce them and their effects on target organs using the concept of negative feedback. Explain the relationship between receptors and ligands and differentiate between steroid and non- steroid hormones as ligands.

Respiration, Transportation, and Defense

Create an artifact to outline the structure and functions of the cardiovascular system, paying special attention to the musculature of the walls, the chambers, and the valves of the heart and blood vessels. Demonstrate the circulation of blood through the heart comparing and contrasting systemic and pulmonary circulation

Describe the phases of the cardiac cycle and the heart’s internal and external control mechanisms involved in producing the heartbeat. Discuss how heart rate and cardiac output relate to one another. Listen to heart sounds, either digitally or with a stethoscope, to identify the normal and abnormal sounds made during the cardiac cycle. Give reasons for the abnormal sounds encountered.

Create or use a model of the human heart to clarify systole and diastole related to blood pressure and the factors affecting blood pressure’s role in homeostasis. Discuss the heart’s intrinsic and extrinsic control mechanisms involved in producing a heartbeat.

Examine how the anatomy of the respiratory system functions to provide oxygen and carbon dioxide transport mechanisms between the lungs and the circulatory system, considering capillary structures, red blood cell structures, diffusion and affinity. Discuss pathophysiology of the cardiorespiratory system and its effects on the human body.

Identify the liquid and cellular components of blood using appropriate medical terminology. Summarize the structural characteristics, normal levels, function and life span of each. Analyze how and where each component is manufactured (i.e., as with hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis) and the possible complications with the development of cellular components.

Breakdown the roles of antigens and antibodies in the blood while explaining the ABO system and Rh classification system. In a lab setting with simulated blood, determine the ABO and Rh of samples with an explanation of results including a description of cross- matching and the causes and possible outcomes of a transfusion reaction.

Assess the relationship between the structure and function of the lymphatic system. Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity, the cells involved, and how each functions to maintain homeostasis in the body.

Interpret the relationship between the integumentary, muscular, and cardiovascular systems in temperature homeostasis. Relate how malfunctions in any of the three systems can affect temperature regulation.

Nutrition, and Excretion

Model the sequential organization of the alimentary canal and its accessory organs in order to describe the physiological role of each including a discussion of the major digestive enzymes and hormones produced along with their functions. Outline how the hepatic portal system couples the digestive and cardiovascular systems.

Analyze gastrointestinal wall histology and interpret how the anatomical architecture supports the efficient absorption and transport of molecules into the cardiovascular or lymphatic circulation. Discuss possible outcomes of a disruption of this process.

Demonstrate the progression of lipid transport from the digestive system, through the lymphatic system, and into the cardiovascular circulation.

Design a concept map of the structures of the urinary system in order to establish the physiological role of blood filtration and waste excretion from the body. Include a detailed description of the parts of a nephron and how they assist in homeostatic mechanisms through urine formation. Clarify how disorders of the urinary system affect homeostasis.

Reproduction, Growth, and Development

Outline the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems that provide the physiological functions of gametogenesis, fertilization, and embryogenesis, based on the secretion of hormones. Correlate the endocrine tissues of the reproductive system with their roles in regulation of secondary sex characteristics, the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy, fetal development, and parturition.

Examine the microscopic structures of the human egg and sperm and determine how those structures relate to their function. Evaluate the process of fertilization then create a timeline of the phases of fetal development from fertilization until birth. Describe the abnormalities that can occur at each phase.

Safety

Safety Rules: Accurately read, interpret, and demonstrate adherence to safety rules, including but not limited to rules published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and state and national code requirements. Be able to distinguish between the rules and explain why certain rules apply.

Safety Equipment: Identify and explain the intended use of safety equipment available in the classroom. Demonstrate how to properly inspect, use, and maintain safe operating procedures with tools and equipment. Incorporate safety procedures and complete safety test with 100 percent accuracy.

Introduction to Architecture & Engineering Design

History of Architecture and Engineering: Investigate the history and evolution of architecture and engineering across a variety of civilizations. Identify major innovations, such as technological advances in materials or construction processes.

Contributions of Architects or Engineers: Research and summarize the influences and contributions of a selected architect or engineer giving examples of the individual’s completed work to illustrate their impact on society.

Impact of Architects and Engineers: Investigate the social, economic, and environmental impact of decisions made by architects and engineers at the local, national, and global levels. Provide a detailed description of the impacts of a specific discipline, citing links to relevant websites to illustrate the ideas presented.

Sustainable Design: Research the principles of sustainable design. Examine an energy efficient building and determine whether the principles of sustainable design are illustrated in the design of the building. Assess whether the evidence presented is strong enough to support claims of sustainability.

Career Exploration

Professions in Architecture and Engineering: Research the major professions in architecture and engineering, such as a civil engineer, mechanical engineer, industrial engineer, electrical engineer, engineering technician, architect, and more. Cite supporting evidence from multiple sources (such as interviews with design professionals retrieved from industry magazines). Analyze career options in architecture and engineering.

Career Opportunities: Compile and analyze real-time and projected labor market data from public sources such as the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics to investigate local and regional occupational opportunities and trends in architectural and engineering careers. Analyze collected data comparing occupations by job availability, salaries, and benefits.

Design Process

Design Process: Research design processes used by architects and engineers. Drawing on multiple resources, examine the steps to the design process, synthesizing a range of perspectives on the process as practiced in a variety of architectural and engineering disciplines. Explain why it is an iterative process and always involves refinement.

Evaluate a Design: Evaluate an existing design created by architects and/or engineers using the design process such as a building, landscape, bridge, or product. Describe how the design team likely progressed through each step of the design process citing examples from design magazines and other resources. Examples should include design constraints encountered by the design team and criteria for measuring the effectiveness of the design.

Sketching

Use of sketching: Investigate the use of sketching in the creative design process. Drawing from resources, explain the tools and techniques used and when architects and engineers apply sketching in the design process.

Freehand Sketches: Create freehand sketches, including rough and refined sketches, demonstrating techniques for sketching freehand lines and circles while attending to accurate proportion. Produce pictorial sketches applying shading techniques. Simulate sketching techniques used by engineers and architects on jobsites. Utilize hand lettering techniques to neatly add notes to the sketches.

Sketching Developing Design Concept: Develop conceptual design ideas using freehand sketching. For example, for a given design problem, generate, analyze, and refine sketches to develop design solutions. Create refined drawings based on sketches of a chosen design.

Fundamental Technical Drawing

Geometric Constructions: Interpret a technical narrative to understand the steps and tools needed to create geometric constructions such as bisecting a line, angle, or arc; using lines, circles, and arcs to draw a polygon such as a pentagon or hexagon; and constructing tangent and perpendicular relationships. Use geometric terms, illustrations, and supporting texts to describe the steps of creating a geometric construction with accuracy.

Single-View Drawings: Create accurate manual single-view scale drawings of advancing complexity, incorporating symbols, notes, and dimensions, using appropriate layout within title blocks, drawing composition (including line weight and line type), geometric construction techniques, and lettering techniques.

Dimensioning Rules: Interpret and apply dimensioning rules to accurately label dimensions on drawings including arranging dimensions, using various dimension styles (such as aligned and angular), and avoiding redundancy.

Multi-View Drawings: Create accurate multi-view scale drawings of objects of advancing complexity using orthographic projection. Incorporate symbols, notes, dimensions, and different types of lines (such as hidden lines to show internal or hidden features). Demonstrate procedures to establish a principle view of an object and project from an existing view to create additional views.

Isometric Drawings: Building on the knowledge of a single view and multi-view drawing, create simple isometric drawings, properly using lines, labels, and dimensioning techniques.

Computer-Aided Drawings (CAD): Interpret instructional material to use CAD software to create simple two-dimensional drawings, accurately incorporating symbols, dimensioning, and line types. Instructional material may include textbooks, manuals, websites, video tutorials, and more. Perform basic operations such as creating files, saving files, opening files, storing files, and printing. Set up the drawing environment by inserting title blocks, applying settings (ortho, snap, etc.), and assigning line weights, line types, and colors.

Comparing Techniques: Define the differences in technique among freehand sketching, manual drafting, and computer-aided drafting (CAD). Describe the skills required for each and how each type is used in industry, citing specific examples.

Refine Drawings: Demonstrate the ability to refine drawings based on critique from peers, instructors, and self-evaluation.

Measurement & Math

Math: Apply mathematics concepts to create drawings and solve design problems in this course, distinguishing which principles apply to a given design problem. Concepts should include, but are not limited to:

Determining and applying the equivalence between fractions and decimals. For example, convert a decimal to a fraction to prepare a unit for measurement on a fractional scale to the precision of 1/16 of an inch.

Working with units such as feet, inches, meters, centimeters, and millimeters, and determining appropriate units for a given construction task. For example, convert a dimension from centimeters to inches.

Calculating perimeter, area, volume, and surface areas of objects employing related geometric terminology.

Performing proportionate reasoning to estimate quantities, such as determining the appropriate scale for a drawing and a given sheet size.

Using basic rules of right triangles, such as the Pythagorean Theorem, to find missing lengths.

Measurement: Use customary and metric measurement systems to complete accurate field measurements. Determine the appropriate units and record accurate measurements of lengths and angles using proper tools. Tools should include, but are not limited to: fractional rule, metric rule, measuring tape, architect’s scale, engineer’s scale, dial caliper, and protractor.

Measurement in Drawings: Use field measurements to create a drawing, accurately representing the true layout. For example, create a scale drawing of a simple mechanical device by taking field measurements of the device, determining the appropriate scale, and using an engineer’s scale to accurately draw the device.

Design Project

Create Drawings: Use the design process to create a solution for a given design problem, selecting and creating appropriate drawings to explain the solution, including sketches and multiple views of two-dimensional scale drawings.

Portfolio

Portfolio: Compile materials from coursework to create a portfolio connecting personal career preparation to concepts learned in this course, including written descriptions of drawing types and learning outcomes. Continually review and revise documents, using technology as needed.

Safety

Safety Rules: Accurately read, interpret, and demonstrate adherence to safety rules, including but not limited to rules published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and state and national code requirements. Be able to distinguish between the rules and explain why certain rules apply.

Safety Equipment: Identify and explain the intended use of safety equipment available in the classroom. Demonstrate how to properly inspect, use, and maintain safe operating procedures with tools and equipment. Incorporate safety procedures and complete safety test with 100 percent accuracy.

Career Exploration

Postsecondary Options: Research postsecondary institutions (colleges of applied technology, community colleges, and four-year universities) in Tennessee and other states that offer architecture or engineering programs. Evaluate the tentative career plan developed in the introductory course and update the career plan to reflect any new discoveries, citing evidence from the research.

Advanced Technical Drawing

Two-Dimensional Drawings: Use computer-aided drafting (CAD) software to create two-dimensional drawings of advancing complexity, accurately incorporating symbols, notes, dimensioning, and line types to design drawings. Perform software operations such as utilizing sheets/layouts for printing, scaling viewports in sheets/layouts for printing, printing drawings to proper scale, outputting drawings to electronic and paper media, and overlaying drawings on externally-referenced drawings.

Multi-View Drawings: Use CAD software to create accurate multi-view drawings of objects of advancing complexity using orthographic projection, incorporating symbols, notes, dimensions, and line type (such as hidden lines to show internal or hidden features).

Pictorial Drawings: Use CAD software to create pictorial drawings of advancing complexity, such as isometric, oblique, and perspective drawings. Attend to detail by using proper angles and ensuring holes, cylinders, prisms, and other features are in proper alignment and relationship to each other. Incorporate symbols, notes, dimensions, and line type according to industry standards.

Sectional View Drawings: Create accurate sectional view drawings of advancing complexity (such as full, half, offset, broken-out, removed, and revolved sections), incorporating symbols, notes, and dimensions, using appropriate layout within title blocks, and appropriate drawing composition (including line weight and line type).

Auxiliary View Drawings: Create accurate auxiliary view drawings of advancing complexity including depth, height, or width auxiliary views; partial auxiliary views; and auxiliary section views.

Drawings of Threads and Fasteners: Draw detailed, schematic, and simplified drawings of various types of threads and fasteners, including unified, square, and acme threads. Demonstrate the ability to accurately interpret industry-standard thread notes to calculate the thread pitch as well as layout and construct the drawing.

Set of Project Drawings: Produce a complete set of project drawings including a completed assembly drawing and an exploded assembly drawing. Supplement assembly drawings with appropriate representations of individual components and a bill of materials as needed for the project type. Fully describe the design by selecting the most appropriate drawing type for the given component, including plan, section, and three-dimensional drawings.

Refine Drawings: Demonstrate the ability to refine drawings based on critique from peers, instructors, and self-evaluation. Drawing on evidence from textbooks and other resources, evaluate the effectiveness of a drawing based on industry standards for technical drawing. Interpret and incorporate feedback when refining drawings.

Dimensioning

Annotate Drawings: Interpret industry standards to accurately apply dimensions, notes, and symbols on CAD drawings, including arranging dimensions, using various dimension styles and symbols, and avoiding redundancy. Demonstrate the ability to adjust annotation styles and sizes based on the drawing type and scale. Define tolerance and give examples of general methods for noting tolerances on drawings.

American National Standards Institute: Research the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and describe the goals of the organization and the impact it has on technical drawing, particularly for dimensioning a drawing.

Introduction to Three-Dimensional Modeling

Three-Dimensional Modeling: Use three-dimensional modeling software to create a simple three-dimensional model. Interpret instructional materials to perform basic operations using three-dimensional modeling software. Instructional materials may include textbooks, instructional manuals, websites, video tutorials, and more.

Applications of Technical Drawing

Physical Model: Interpret technical drawings to build a physical model of a design. Select and use the appropriate materials and tools to safely measure components and construct the model. Upon completion, use the technical drawings to check the model for accuracy.

Use Field Measurements: Building on techniques practiced in the introductory course, continue to measure, record, and use field measurements to create drawings of increasingly complex objects and layouts. For example, create an accurate half section drawing of an actual mechanical gear by measuring and examining the physical object to visualize and draw the section.

Three-Dimensional Model: Create two-dimensional plans for a simple three-dimensional object utilizing drawing techniques learned in the course, such as auxiliary drawing. Use the plans to build a rough study model of the object. Evaluate the model and revise the design on the basis of collected test data. For example, create a two-dimensional drawing of three-dimensional sheet metal design or package design as if the object were unfolded. Print the drawing on paper and construct a paper model of the object. Evaluate the model for inaccuracies and identify opportunities to improve efficiency of materials or construction. Use these conclusions to refine the design.

Drawing and Model Comparisons: Understand how designs are communicated through different types of two-dimensional and three-dimensional drawings, physical models, and virtual three-dimensional models within various disciplines, such as architectural, civil, mechanical, electrical, and industrial design. Interpret symbols and notations within the context of each type.

Technology

Troubleshooting: Identify and demonstrate basic troubleshooting strategies related to fundamental hardware and software problems. Evaluate electronic media to diagnose and fix hardware and software problems encountered during the coursework. For example, consult software forums, tutorial videos, and other instructional materials to diagnose and correct a drawing that prints on paper differently than intended.

Impact of Technology: Explain how technology has changed design throughout history, and identify current transitions occurring in design media, technique, and focus.

Projects

Project Plan: Develop a project plan and use the design process to create a solution for moderately complex problem sets, utilizing both simple three-dimensional modeling techniques and detailed technical two-dimensional and three-dimensional scale drawings.

Alternate Designs: Choose between alternate design solutions for a given design problem and justify the choices. Demonstrate the ability to pitch the idea to the client in a presentation, defending the design by pointing to specific features that meet the client’s specifications.

Portfolio: Update materials from coursework to add to the portfolio begun in the introductory course. Continually reflect on coursework experiences and revise and refine the career plan generated in the introductory course. Include written descriptions of drawing types and learning outcomes.

Safety

Safety Rules: Accurately read, interpret, and demonstrate adherence to safety rules, including but not limited to rules published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and state and national code requirements. Be able to distinguish between the rules and explain why certain rules apply.

Safety Equipment: Identify and explain the intended use of safety equipment available in the classroom. Demonstrate how to properly inspect, use, and maintain safe operating procedures with tools and equipment. Incorporate safety procedures. and complete safety test with 100 percent accuracy.

Architectural Design

Civil Drawings: Interpret civil drawings used to describe a site, including recognizing symbols used to describe topography. For example, in teams, interpret a topographic survey drawing to construct a model (physical or virtual) of a building site. Use the model to influence the design of the building and the building’s placement on the site.

Site Analysis: Perform a site analysis to make design decisions for a building plan, including interpreting existing site conditions and evaluating site surroundings. Determine the impact environmental factors such as climate, wind patterns, and the movement of the sun have on the design and site placement of the building. Summarize site analysis findings with drawings and supporting text.

Design Constraints: Synthesize the various constraints affecting a building’s design to make and justify design decisions. Items to consider should include:

Evaluating the building’s program based on client need. For example, appraise the requirements of the client such as total square footage and list of desired features (number of bedrooms, bathrooms, etc.).

Accommodating the needs of people of all ages and physical abilities in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

Interpreting applicable building codes based on the project type. For example, determine the minimum number and spacing of exit doors for a given building occupancy size.

Planning and Diagramming Techniques: Research planning and diagramming techniques used by designers. Implement planning and diagramming techniques such as bubble diagrams and traffic flow patterns to design a schematic site plan and floor plan for a given building program.

Building Model: Create a properly scaled model of a building (physical or virtual) and study the model in the context of the site layout. Present the model along with supporting sketches and diagrams to an audience (such as the instructor and peers), explaining and justifying design ideas in a logical, coherent narrative. Gather feedback and use it to refine the design.

Comprehensive Set of Drawings: Incorporate schematic design sketches, models, and peer feedback to further develop a building’s design. Communicate details of the design through appropriate drawing types, utilizing industry-standard drawing conventions and software. Create a comprehensive set of drawings including the following drawing types:

Site plan

Floor plan

Interior and exterior building elevations

Foundation plan

Roof plan

Building system plans (such as an electrical plan)

Door and window schedules

Three-dimensional renderings (interior and exterior)

Sustainable Design: Research sustainable design solutions and practices; then provide sustainable design recommendations for a given design. Calculate a rating for energy responsiveness using a sustainable building guideline.

Wall Section: Examine a wall section drawing for a specific building. Identify, define, and explain the function and purpose of each component, including wall insulation, flashing, and the structure of the cornice.

Mechanical Design

Three-Dimensional Models: Create three-dimensional models of machine parts of increasing complexity utilizing parametric modeling software. Perform software operations including:

Utilizing basic software tools such as extruding and cutting, and navigating around the object.

Applying and modifying geometric constraints and dimensions to capture and alter the design geometry of a part.

Creating drawing layouts with dimensioned views of parametric solids, arranging a drawing sheet according to industry standards.

Printing drawing layouts at appropriate scales.

Preparing multi-sheet working drawings and assembly drawings according to industry standards.

Field Measurements: Modify drawings based on field measurements. Building on techniques practiced in prior courses, continue to measure, record, and use field measurements to create drawings of increasingly complex objects and layouts.

Assembly Model: Compile parametric models of individual machine parts to create a model of a simple assembly. Perform advanced software operations such as animating the model to illustrate how the assembly operates.

Schematic Design: Utilize the design process to create a schematic design solution for a mechanical design problem. Identify the criteria and constraints and produce a virtual or physical model of the solution, utilizing software tools where appropriate. Test and evaluate the solution by performing an analysis of the model and gathering feedback from peers.

Schematic Design: Incorporate schematic design models, peer feedback, and test results to further develop a design. Communicate details of the design through appropriate drawing types, utilizing industry standard drawing conventions and software. Derive working drawings (detail and assembly drawings including parts lists) from the threedimensional models created using parametric modeling software. Attend to details when explaining the design, including:

Specifying and depicting threads, fasteners, and other hardware involved in a mechanical assembly.

Applying appropriate geometric dimensioning and tolerancing based on industry standards, including understanding tolerance relationships between mating parts, interpreting geometric tolerancing symbols in a drawing, and using tolerancing in drawings.

Selecting and creating appropriate section drawings, noting tolerances, hidden surfaces, and other mechanical details.

Research Project

Research Project: Employ basic methods of data collection and analysis to compile information for projects. Use available research methods when project planning and problem solving. Synthesize research to present appropriate precedents for development of a project and articulate logical rational for the use of chosen precedents.

Design Project

Schematic Designs for Project: Use the design process to create schematic designs employing discipline-appropriate representational media (such as sketches, technical drawings, and preliminary models) for a given problem set. Prepare and present schematic designs to peers and others, citing research to justify design solutions. Note constructive feedback received and use it to refine the design.

Drawings, Models and Presentation Boards: Drawing on results from the schematic design phase, create discipline-appropriate drawings based on industry standards, a threedimensional model of the design, and presentation boards. Present final design conclusions to members of the profession as well as peers; employ design decision justifications as would an architect or engineer delivering a pitch to a prospective client.

Comprehensive Set: Compile working drawings in a comprehensive set, including a bill of materials with allowable material alternatives. Demonstrate the ability to properly select the drawing scale, select the views, lay out drawings, and organize the drawing set according to industry standards.

Project Management

Project Management: Examine how architects and engineers conduct project management processes, including but not limited to setting interim goals, tracking progress, and coordinating with construction professionals and clients. Compare and contrast components of project management models gathered from textbooks, online resources, and actual case studies of major or local design professionals.

Project Management Strategies: Utilize project management strategies to create and implement a work plan to complete projects according to schedule.

Report: Apply the basic steps of traditional project delivery, outlining who and what is involved in each step. Compare texts to describe alternatives to traditional project delivery methods, such as the design-build method used in construction.

Portfolio

Portfolio: Update the portfolio to reflect the cumulative total of all projects undertaken across the program of study. Continually reflect on coursework experiences and revise and refine the career plan generated in the introductory course. Include written descriptions of drawing types and learning outcomes.

Predicting Aircraft Performance and Weight & Balance

Navigation

Physiology, Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM), and Judgment Training

Communications

Complex and Abnormal Procedures

Flight Environment

Aerodynamics

Careers

Safety

Aircraft Systems

Gather information from a variety of print and digital sources (such as textbooks, aviation magazines, publications, and industry websites) and write a report based on what the aviation industry is doing to enhance aviation safety. Discuss takeaways to incorporate into future decision making and thought processes that would help in preparation to be a safer pilot or mechanic.

Describe how a retractable landing gear system operates in a typical training aircraft, citing aircraft handbooks and other manuals for illustration during normal operation procedures as well as emergency operation procedures. Describe or illustrate the differences between pump versus hydraulic pump systems.

Research studies on the effectiveness of anti-skid brake systems. Craft an original argument comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these systems, providing a precise explanation of how they operate and whether they conform to industry safety regulations. Share findings in a written or oral format.

Gather information from a variety of print and digital sources (such as textbooks, aviation magazines, publications, and industry websites) to synthesize concepts related to the formation of weather, convective currents, fronts, and associated meteorological dangers. Discuss the explicit dangers, causes, and effects of thunderstorms; discuss airframe and carburetor icing; mountain waves; wind shear; and temperature/dew point. Describe the factors involved in the formation and dissipation of fog, temperature inversions, and clouds. Apply mathematics concepts to determine the stability or instability of an air mass.

Outline the restrictions associated with each classification of airspace: Class A, B, C, D, G, Airport Advisory Areas, prohibited or restricted airspace, alert areas, warning areas, and MOCAs. Articulate what relevant laws and regulations govern and apply to airspaces as set forth by the Federal Aviation Regulations.

Describe the functions of and explain the differences between each of the following aspects of the flight environment: ATIS, AWOS, Clearance Delivery, Ground Controls, Towers, Approach/Departure Controls, Terminal Radar Programs, Air Traffic Centers (ATC), and Flight Service Stations (FSS). Demonstrate different ways to obtain a weather briefing while on the ground (phone call to FSS, internet, TV, etc.), and explain what a pilot should do to get an updated weather briefing while airborne (FSS, Flight Watch, ATC, XM Weather, etc.).

Analyze the following texts, synthesize the information found, and demonstrate the ability to retrieve the correct information in a timely fashion to aid in aviation decision making: Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR)s, Pilot Weather Reports (PIREP)s, Aviation Area Forecast, Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)s, Weather Depiction Charts, Radar Summary Charts and Radar Weather Reports, En route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS), Wind and Temperature Aloft Forecasts (FB), Significant Weather Prognostic Charts, AIRMETs and SIGMETs. Given a scenario designed by the instructor, make the appropriate go/no go decision based on the information retrieved.

Demonstrate understanding of various complex and abnormal procedures and be able to accurately perform the correct procedures given a particular set of conditions, including but not limited to procedures relating to stalls and/or spins recovery, engine failures, engine fires, abnormal combustion, carburetor icing, loss of oil pressure, low oil pressure, high oil and/or CHT temperature(s), aircraft wake turbulence, deteriorating weather conditions, low fuel situations, and medical issues with pilot and/or passengers.

Synthesize guidelines from piloting manuals to explain and demonstrate the operation of a constant speed propeller system, compass turning, correction of acceleration/deceleration errors, correction of altimeter errors, proper use of EGT for accurate leaning purposes, and navigation at different types of altitudes.

Explain the terminology, outline basic procedures, and demonstrate the ability to perform procedures related to the following:

Visual Approach Slope Indicators (VASI)

Runway markings

Taxiway and destination signs

Beacons and taxiway lights

ATC traffic advisories

ATC light signals

ELT’s and VHF/DR steers

Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)

Flying rectangular courses

Flying S-turns across a road

Role-play the protocol required for both air and ground communications. Communications include normal, abnormal, and emergency situations for the following: departing and arriving at non-controlled airports, departing and arriving at controlled airports, communicating with ATC, and requesting and receiving enroute weather from a Flight Service Station or Flight Watch. Explain each ATC light signal and the significance to the pilot.

Gather information from a variety of print and digital sources (such as textbooks and online industry publications) on the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), its purpose, and how the organization performs its duties. Explain how aviation safety is enhanced by NTSB investigations of aircraft accidents. Read and evaluate at least one aviation NTSB accident report and share with the class the NTSB findings, probable causes of the accident, and any NTSB recommendations based on their findings. Students should personalize what they learned from their research to devise strategies for being a safer pilot or mechanic based on what they learned.

Role-play use of the correct aviation terminology and radio phraseology required during all aspects of a flight, including but not limited to: receiving the current aircraft weather before starting the engine(s); calling ground control for a taxi clearance before taxiing, or advising traffic on the common traffic advisory frequency; and requesting a takeoff/landing clearance.

Demonstrate understanding of, recognize the symptoms of, and react properly to the following aeromedical factors affecting a pilot, including but not limited to: pressure effects, ear and sinus blockage, toothaches, stress, fatigue, noise, alcohol/drugs, hypoxia, hyperventilation, spatial disorientation, vision issues, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Perform a preflight self-inspection and determine airworthiness based on an appropriate rubric provided by the instructor.

The goal of developing the skills required to make wise decisions is to increase safety. Develop a clear and systematic ADM system, or outline a plan to manage the human factors which may affect whether a safe or unsafe outcome occurs in the course of flight. Consult recommendations and best practices endorsed by industry to guide the process. Students should develop a flow chart showing the proper steps and factors involved in making effective and timely decisions, including at minimum protocols for assessing pilot-in- command responsibility, communication, workload management, resource use, and situational awareness.

Build upon principles previously learned and continue to refine one’s thought process relating to judgment training. Based on experiences in this course, compose an essay demonstrating a pilot’s good judgment(s) relating to a challenging in-flight situation.

Accurately describe how to use the communication radios, navigation radios, ADF, DME, transponder, ELT, and autopilot (if aircraft so equipped), and be able to list any limitations as to their useful range. Explain the process around confirming that each radio or equipment is in working condition per the manufacture’s operating manual or normal operation procedures. Student will also understand and explain the following transponder codes (1200, 7700, 7600, and 7500) and be able to list what each code communicates to ATC, as well as the function of Mode C and “Ident” button.

Accurately express how the basic GPS system works in an aircraft, and cite specific principles of operation to determine the advantages and disadvantages of GPS navigation over the VOR and NDB systems.

Clearly explain how to use sectional and world aeronautical charts during a cross country flight to determine aircraft’s position by use of pilotage and dead reckoning (DR). Given an appropriate scenario provided by the instructor, demonstrate proficiency in the use of lines of longitude and latitude to determine checkpoints or landmarks on a sectional and/or world aeronautical chart, and be able to input that information into a GPS for navigation purposes. Analyze the information retrieved to determine the necessary radio frequencies listed, the different types of airspace, and the altitudes of that airspace by using a sectional and/or world aeronautical chart.

Gather information from a variety of publications such as FAA Advisory Circulars, Airport/Facility Directories, and Notices to Airmen Publications (NTAP) and be able to communicate that information to other crew members in order to successfully plan and fly to a desired cross-country destination safely.

Understand and be able to clearly explain how to use a VOR for navigation purposes, determine an aircraft’s position, and determine the radial distance from a VORTAC facility. Additionally, determine when an aircraft crosses over a VOR station. Apply this knowledge to use a VOT and/or a VOR in the process of determining whether the VOR is within the accuracy requirements in the FARs.

Describe the effects of density altitude on aircraft performance, drawing on technical aids and course materials. Given a particular set of conditions, determine and accurately perform density altitude computations.

Research collegiate websites and affiliated publications to create a list of postsecondary educational opportunities that prepare students for careers in aviation. Evaluate personal career goals and desires, then determine which opportunity would provide the best preparation for the desired career. Develop a timeline detailing the postsecondary path that will lead to career goals.

Consult aircraft manuals, tables, and charts to accurately determine aircraft cruise power settings. Explain in a mock communications scenario with a superior how different cruise power settings were determined, citing the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Consult aircraft manuals, tables, and charts to accurately determine the headwind/tailwind and crosswind components. Report on how each component was determined; based on the analysis, evaluate if the crosswind component is within the manufacturer’s approved or demonstrated crosswind component.

Consult aircraft manuals, tables, and charts to accurately determine the required takeoff run distance based on projected aircraft weight, headwind/tailwind component, density altitude, and surface conditions; demonstrate to peers how the takeoff distance was determined.

Consult aircraft manuals, tables, and charts to accurately determine the required takeoff distance to clear a fifty-foot obstacle based on projected aircraft weight, headwind/tailwind component, density altitude, and surface conditions; demonstrate to peers how the takeoff distance was determined.

Consult aircraft manuals, tables, and charts to accurately determine the required landing roll distance based on projected aircraft weight, headwind/tailwind component, density altitude, and surface conditions; demonstrate to peers how the landing distance was determined.

Consult aircraft manuals, tables, and charts to accurately determine the required landing distance to clear a fifty-foot obstacle based on projected aircraft weight, headwind/tailwind component, density altitude, and surface conditions; demonstrate to peers how the landing distance was determined.

Consult aircraft manuals, tables, and charts to accurately confirm that the projected weight is within the manufacturer’s approved maximum takeoff weight and that the center of gravity is within the manufacturer’s approved takeoff CG envelope. Citing examples drawn from textbooks and manuals, explain weight and balance definitions and relate how to reduce the payload as needed to bring the aircraft within the manufacturer’s approved maximum takeoff weight. Additionally, determine how to move passengers and/or cargo to bring the center of gravity within the manufacturer’s approved takeoff CG envelope.

Consult aircraft manuals, tables, and charts to accurately confirm that the projected weight is within the manufacturer’s approved maximum landing weight and that the center of gravity is within the manufacturer’s approved landing CG envelope. Citing examples drawn from textbooks and manuals, demonstrate how to reduce the payload before takeoff as needed to bring the aircraft within the manufacturer’s approved maximum landing weight. Additionally, determine how to move passengers and/or cargo to bring the center of gravity within the manufacturer’s approved landing CG envelope.

Research industry manuals and course materials to explain the interrelationships among aerodynamics forces that affect an aircraft on the ground and in flight. Aerodynamic forces include, but are not limited to: ground effect, torque and P-factor, load factor, and aircraft stability. In addition, be able to explain the effects of frost, the significance of angle of attack as it relates to stalls and spins, and how load factors are affected by airplane turns.

Describe the characteristics and functions of an airplane’s aileron, elevator, and rudder, including the trim system if appropriate, citing technical manuals and industry guidelines. Detail the varying effects of changes in airspeed, density altitude, frost, snow, or ice on each of these functions. Illustrate the operation of aircraft slats, spoilers, speed brakes, and thrust reversers.

Compare and contrast the characteristics and operating principles of both a normally aspirated and turbocharged aircraft reciprocating engine, and relate the advantages and disadvantages of each. Explain how a turbine engine operates, including the different sections within the engine, and relate the advantages and disadvantages between a turbo jet, turbo fan, and turbo prop engine.

Draw on technical manuals and manufacturers’ guidelines to describe the characteristics and chief functions of the following aircraft systems or instrumentation systems: pitot-static system, vacuum system, flight gyros, navigation radios (such as VOR, ADF, and GPS), and aircraft communications radios. In the context of a specific aircraft, explain the advantages and disadvantages of a glass cockpit versus steam gauges.

Deliver an oral presentation or guided explanation of the fuel system in a typical training aircraft, highlighting at minimum the following elements: fuel tanks, fuel selector valve, fuel drains, fuel pump(s), carburetor, and fuel injected systems. Distinguish between different types of aviation fuels by sight, color, and/or smell, and determine which type of fuel would be acceptable to use in a reciprocating and/or turbine aircraft engine.

Deliver an oral presentation or guided explanation of the electrical system in a typical training aircraft, highlighting at minimum the following elements: battery, alternator/generator, circuit breakers (CBs), and 12-volt and 24-volt systems.

FAA Private Pilot Written Exam Preparation

Judgment Training

Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs)

Cross-Country Planning

Problems with Aircraft Performance and Weight & Balance

Emergency Procedures

Trends and Emerging Technologies

Advanced Aerodynamics and Physics of Flight

Systems Problem Solving

Careers in Aviation

Aviation Safety

Apply the safety concepts learned in previous classes to develop several detailed plans to potential problems faced in flight. To guide the planning, students should ask and then answer the question, “What would I do if……?” in response to problems such as, but not limited to:

Explain the effects of high-density altitudes on aircraft takeoff distances, aircraft rate of climb, aircraft angle of climb, Indicated Airspeed (IAS) versus True Airspeed (TAS), and landing distances.

Drawing on industry magazines, scholarly research, and news media, explore in an informational essay the chief features, advantages, and disadvantages of emerging aviation technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and mobile technologies gaining prominence in aviation fields. Discuss how these technologies work, how they have impacted (or are expected to impact) the aviation industry, and their impact on aircraft safety.

Demonstrate the ability to follow an emergency procedure for a low fuel situation. Read, recite, and complete the appropriate memory and non-memory checklists in front of peers or in a mock emergency situation while safely flying the aircraft.

Demonstrate the ability to follow an emergency procedure for an aircraft fire situation. Read, recite, and complete the appropriate memory and non-memory checklists in front of peers or in a mock emergency situation while safely flying the aircraft.

Demonstrate the ability to follow an emergency procedure for a medical emergency situation. Read, recite, and complete the appropriate memory and non-memory checklists in front of peers or in a mock emergency situation while safely flying the aircraft.

Demonstrate the ability to follow an emergency procedure for a deteriorating weather situation. Read, recite, and complete the appropriate memory and non-memory checklists in front of peers or in a mock emergency situation while safely flying the aircraft.

Demonstrate the ability to follow an emergency procedure for a two-way radio failure situation. Read, recite, and complete the appropriate memory and non-memory checklists in front of peers or in a mock emergency situation while safely flying the aircraft.

Demonstrate the ability to follow an emergency procedure for a partial or complete engine failure situation. Read, recite, and complete the appropriate memory and non-memory checklists in front of peers or in a mock emergency situation while safely flying the aircraft.

Consult the manufacturer’s approved limits for an aircraft’s center of gravity. Explain the associated problems when the aircraft’s center of gravity is forward or aft of the approved limits. Given a designated degree of imbalance, determine and demonstrate in a mock setting how to move passengers and/or cargo to bring the center of gravity within the manufacturer’s approved takeoff CG envelope. Correctly use a moment index to plot these changes on a loading graph to aid in the demonstration, attending to appropriate units, quantities, and terminology.

Consult the manufacturer’s approved maximum takeoff weight. Explain the associated problems when the aircraft’s takeoff weight is greater than approved by the manufacturer. Calculate the proper reduction in weight for various combinations of passengers and cargo; be “able and willing” to reduce the payload as needed to bring the aircraft within the manufacturer’s approved takeoff weight.

Aircraft door pops open just after lift off

Engine fails at 100 feet AGL on takeoff

Engine fails at 500 feet AGL on takeoff

Oil on windshield on climb out

Fuel being siphoned out of fuel tank on climb out due to an unsecured fuel cap

Cabin fire

Engine fire

Minimum fuel situation

Deteriorating weather

Sick or unruly passenger

Demonstrate understanding of the five hazardous thoughts and associated antidotes to each of the following: Students will determine if they have one or more of these hazardous thoughts and explain what they do to realize when their decisions may be influenced by a hazardous thought. Students should also explain how they will counteract this thought in order to remain as safe as possible.

Determine the different factors involved in planning the best route on each leg of a cross- country flight. For each factor, describe why it should be considered when determining the route, citing, by contrast, what could go wrong if the factor was not considered. Examples include the following:

Shortest distance

Lowest terrain

Best emergency landing options

Smoothest air

Determine the different factors involved in calculating the best altitude to fly on each leg of a cross-country flight. Given a specific route, calculate optimum altitude for all stages of a cross-country flight, incorporating consideration of the factors identified above and relying on sectional and world aeronautical charts, aircraft specifications, and other resources to make proper determinations. Factors may include the following:

VFR – Easterly heading (odd thousand + 500’) or Westerly heading (even thousand + 500’)

IFR – Easterly heading (odd thousand) or Westerly heading (even thousand) (below FL 290)

Distance between departure airport and destination airport

Headwind/tailwind components at different altitudes

Terrain features

Emergency landing options

Smoothest air

Pressurized versus non-pressurized aircraft

Given a specific flight route, determine the headwind/tailwind component on each leg of a cross-country flight. Specifically,

Determine forecast winds aloft for each leg

Determine best altitude for each leg

Determine headwind/tailwind component for each leg

Given a specific flight route, determine the estimated groundspeed on each leg of a cross- country flight. Specifically,

Determine altitude

Determine true airspeed (TAS)

Determine headwind/tailwind component

Determine crosswind component

Determine estimated groundspeed (GS)

Given a specific flight route, determine the estimated magnetic heading required for each leg of a cross-country flight. Specifically,

Determine True Course (TC) / Magnetic Course (MC)

Determine crosswind component

Determine True Heading (TH)

Determine amount of variation; show how to add variation if it is a Westerly variation and subtract variation if it is an Easterly variation

Determine Magnetic Heading (MH)

Citing relevant examples and supporting texts, explain to both a lay audience and a technical audience the concept of estimated time enroute (ETE) and the effect of flying through different time zones. For a given scenario, determine and communicate departure and arrival times in local times and GMT.

Correctly simulate how to complete, file, activate, and close or cancel a VFR flight plan, following proper procedures and determining the information requested in each box of the flight plan.

Research, role play, communicate, and write about the factors involved in correctly departing from and arriving at an airport. For each of the following, consult and cite the Airman’s Information Manual and FAA guidelines when modeling the behaviors necessary for successful takeoff and landing, including communications with ground control, air traffic control, any passengers, and relevant superiors, peers, and authorities:

Controlled airport – Departure

ATIS

Ground control (taxi instructions)

Tower (VFR flight plan activation)

Departure control

Controlled airport – Arrival

ATIS

Approach control (tower)

VFR flight plan closure

Ground Control (taxi instructions)

Non-controlled airport – Departure

AWOS

CTAF / Unicom (pre-taxi communication, pre-takeoff communication)

Proceeding on course

VFR Activation with FSS

Non-controlled airport – Arrival

AWOS

CTAF / Unicom (airport advisory, pre-pattern communication, pattern communication, base communication, clearing runway communication)

VFR flight plan closure with FSS via radio or telephone

Clearance delivery (assigned headings, altitudes, transponder codes, departure frequencies)

Demonstrate understanding and be able to explain important FARs that relate to Private Pilot operations included in the following, citing specific text and wording from the regulations. Articulate why these regulations are necessary and analyze how the FAA has structured the FARs in order to quickly retrieve such information in the future.

FAR Part 39

FAR Part 43

FAR Part 61

FAR Part 71

FAR Part 91

NTSB Part 830

Continue to explore and demonstrate understanding of proper techniques for improving pilot judgment and decision-making skills in every aspect of the pre-flight, in-flight, and post- flight stages.

Anti-authority

Impulsivity

Invulnerability

Macho

Resignation

Demonstrate understanding and be able to explain the privileges and FAA requirements for each of the following pilot certificates and ratings:

Students will demonstrate mastery of corresponding course content for the FAA Private Pilot written exam when achieving a score of 80% on a practice 60-question exam.

FAR Part 1

FAR Part 21

Certificates

Sport

Private

Commercial

Airline Transport Pilot (ATP)

Ratings

Instrument

Sea Plane

Multi engine

Glider

License (Mechanic)

Airframe

Power Plant

Describe the functions and characteristics of an airplane’s aileron, elevator, and rudder, including the trim system if appropriate. Troubleshoot system problems to safely land aircraft in a variety of situations, including but not limited to:

Frozen or stuck ailerons

Frozen or stuck elevators

Frozen or stuck rudder

Taking off with a control lock still in place

Aileron, elevator, or rudder hooked up backwards

Describe the functions and characteristics of an airplane’s power plant, and troubleshoot system problems to safely land aircraft in a variety of situations, including but not limited to:

Partial engine failure

Complete engine failure

Low oil pressure

High oil and/or cylinder head temperature

Describe the functions and characteristics of an airplane’s instrument systems, and troubleshoot system problems to safely land aircraft in a variety of situations, including but not limited to:

Blocked pitot system

Blocked static system

Failed vacuum pump

Failed flight gyros

Two-way communications failure

Describe the functions and characteristics of an airplane’s fuel systems, and troubleshoot system problems to safely land aircraft in a variety of situations, including but not limited to:

Low fuel

Vapor lock

Contaminated fuel

Describe the functions and characteristics of an airplane’s electrical systems, and troubleshoot system problems to safely land aircraft in a variety of situations, including, but not limited to:

Alternator/generator failure

Alternator/generator overcharging

Electrical fire

Popped circuit breaker(s)

Runaway electric trim

Electrical smoke

Research, understand, and be able to explain the aerodynamics force that affect an aircraft on the ground and in flight. Anticipate, prevent, and recommend actions to recover from unsafe flight conditions such as, but not limited to:

Becoming airborne at too slow an airspeed in ground effect

Aircraft stalling at an unsafe altitude

Aircraft spin

High density altitude airport operations

Financial Industry Career Options

Marketing Strategies Used by Financial Institutions

Bank Management, Policies, and Procedures

Credit

Financial Services and Products

Banking Regulations and Consumer Protection

Money

Introduction to Banking

Define the term financial institution. Compare and contrast the types of financial institutions (e.g., commercial banks, credit unions, savings and loans institutions, money center banks) and their major functions, services, and roles with the U.S. banking system; explain their impact on the economy and individual communities.

Investigate the origins and purpose of banking. Explore the history of banking systems from ancient to modern times, evaluating models, milestone events, court decisions, and legislation that contributed to the system used by the United States today. Develop a timeline of major milestones in U.S. banking history. Prepare a presentation on one milestone event to illustrate its impact on banking, citing textual evidence to support the facts in the presentation.

Investigate technological advances that have impacted the financial services industry. Working in student groups, prepare an informative presentation for community members about the evolving landscape of e-banking, including security and efficiency considerations.

Simulate or conduct procedures for student and teacher or mock customers. Prepare financial statements and determine efficient and confidential means of distributing statements, ranging from e-banking options to in-person transactions. Demonstrate proficiency in performing account reconciliation. Using a spreadsheet, perform and analyze the compound interest function.

Explore the concept of credit and articulate the importance of the credit function to society. Working in groups, debate the advantages and disadvantages of credit by crafting claim(s) and counterclaim(s), citing specific textual evidence from news media, professional analyses and scholarly commentary.

Explore credit and lending functions and products available from both traditional and nontraditional (e.g., payday loan) lenders. Compare and contrast the types of loans commonly available to consumers. Assess credit options as they relate to loan applications and design an electronic spreadsheet or utilize an online credit calculator for calculating the cost of credit options. Demonstrate the entire loan process from customer inquiry through funding, including the evaluation of risk, debt to loan ratio, and payment delinquencies.

Citing information from at least one of the three major credit reporting agencies, describe credit reports and credit scores; explain the impact of credit history on a customer’s ability to secure credit, identifying key factors that influence one’s credit score, such as paying bills on time. Analyze a sample credit report; interpret how the contents may affect a borrower’s credit score, borrowing opportunities, and cost of credit; and, evaluate the credit risk to the financial institution. Role-play the part of a bank credit counselor in a scenario instructing a denied applicant ways to improve his or her credit score.

Research the management and operations structure of a financial institution. Identify key banking positions such as branch managers, compliance officers, loan officers, finance managers, wealth advisors, and financial services specialists and describe their primary functions and responsibilities. Examine financial institution policies and procedures. Draft policies and procedures governing the day-to-day operations of a school-based or simulated financial institution based on the policies and procedures research and a survey of student body requests. Determine profit objectives and roles of employees (students) in the financial institution.

Explore the role of customer service in the financial services industry. Explain in a written narrative the impact of effective customer relations, including the importance of developing relationships, building rapport and trust, matching products and services to a customer’s needs, and maintaining customer confidentiality. Provide examples of positive customer service through role-play activities with fellow classmates.

Through a school-based financial institution, role-play situation, or student organization competitive event, conduct banking operations or simulate scenarios to demonstrate mastery of critical thinking, customer service, effective communication, security measures, and related employability skills that are considered essential workplace behaviors in the banking industry. Research workplace issues that may jeopardize customer privacy and confidentiality. Write an informative narrative explaining the importance of ethics and the fiduciary duty between banking professionals and their customers.

Identify specific marketing segments for financial institutions; select a banking product and determine whether mass or targeted marketing strategies would be most effective in reaching the product’s intended customers. Conduct an analysis of multiple case studies to draw conclusions and justify the strategic decision in writing. Develop a marketing presentation targeted at students and teachers related to the school-based or simulated financial institution and/or a specific product/service it offers.

Analyze the impact of competition among financial institutions in the local community; identify the competitive advantages and disadvantages of products and services offered and make recommendations for a shift in marketing strategies, message, and/or pricing based on the research and observations.

Evaluate the diverse careers in banking and finance, including bank managers, loan officers, investment bankers, private client advisors, and similar positions. Complete a career interest inventory and use online resources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook, Jobs4TN, and the websites of financial institutions, regulators, and/or other related organizations to research employment opportunities. Based on interests and skills, identify relevant careers and determine the educational, experience, and licensure/credentialing requirements.

Conduct a job search or simulate the experience by researching employment options. Prepare a resume suited for employment searches in the banking industry. Participate in a mock interview with a financial institution, human resources department and/or through participation in student organization competitive events. Participate in job shadowing, internships, and/or career events at a financial institution or other related organization. Keep a journal documenting major worksite experiences and write a letter of thanks to the businesses upon completion of work-based learning experiences.

Explore expectations of working in the financial services industry. Participate in face-to-face presentations or videoconferences with financial industry guest speakers to better understand real-world banking operations, employer expectations, and insight into careers in the industry. Construct interview questions to pose to industry guests. In groups, review the employee handbook of a financial institution. Identify additional expectations and draft an employee handbook for a school-based or simulated financial institution. Adopt the elements of the school-based or simulated financial institution handbook by class consensus.

Identify the characteristics and functions of money as well as the measures used by the Federal Reserve to calculate the money supply. Describe how money is created, valued, and exchanged. Using data from textbook(s) and/or industry publications and media, research and explain how banks make money focusing on the role of savers and borrowers, interest, and the fractional reserve system, citing evidence from the text.

Articulate the purpose, functions, and organization of the Federal Reserve System by describing its structure, including the role of the Board of Governors and Reserve Bank Districts and branches. Identify the Reserve Banks and branches that serve communities in Tennessee and explain how members of the Board of Governors are selected.

Prepare an informative narrative explaining the chief objectives of American monetary policy, citing specific textual evidence to support analysis. Describe how the Federal Reserve maintains stability of the U.S. financial system by targeting and managing monetary policy.

Research and report on legislation and regulatory changes that have affected financial services and products in the U.S., including the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980; Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (also known as the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999); the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (also known as Check21); and Reserve Requirements.

Identify and describe significant legislation and policies associated with credit and consumer protection, including Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and National Credit Union Association Deposit Insurance Limits; Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure Act of 2009; the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; the Truth in Lending Act; and, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act.

Investigate banking rules and regulations; research and describe the relationship between local banks and their regulators (e.g., Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Reserve, National Credit Union Administration, Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau) and how each contributes to stability in the financial markets, reinforces public confidence in the banking system, and compliance with applicable laws

Research financial services and products available across the financial services industry then compare and contrast the benefits and costs of common deposit accounts as well as other products and services, including investment tools. Given a scenario, craft an argumentative essay supported by evidence about selecting a specific financial account or service that will best meet the need of a prospective customer.

Laboratory Foundations

Safety

Problem-Resolution Skills

Scientific Foundations

Perceptions and Future

STEM Fields Exploration

Describe the dynamic interplay among science, technology, and engineering and math within living, earth-space, and physical systems. Differentiate between the terms biotechnology and biomedicine noting the impact that each has had on society. Explore the history and development of these scientific fields, as well as the roles that their associated industries have played in the areas of agriculture and food, health and medicine, the environment, research, and forensics.

Given a real-world problem, identify several possible solutions using both the engineering design process and the scientific inquiry. For example:

Research several treatment plans for a severe allergy sufferer as would a biochemist or biophysicist. (Science)

Explore commonly used methods to decrease carbon emissions in the environment. (Technology/Mathematics)

Analyze solutions to a real-world problem collaboratively, to identify critical factors of the steps of the design process. Explain why these factors are critical. For example:

Research types of prosthetics and submit a proposal for which one most effectively uses the design process in terms of feasibility, cost, safety, aesthetics, and durability like a biomedical engineer. (Science)

Research ways a chemical engineer performs tests and monitors performance of processes throughout the stages of production for manufacturing chemicals and products such as gasoline, synthetic rubber, plastics, detergents, cement, paper, and pulp. Submit a proposal for which one most effectively uses the design process in terms of factors like mixing, crushing, heat transfer, distillation, and drying. (Technology/Engineering)

Review guidelines from governmental agencies such as the Office of Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines for medical and research laboratories, OSHA guidelines for Standard Precautions and personal protective equipment, Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and storage of reagents and compounds, and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) laboratory guidelines. Compare and contrast the rules and regulations of each agency to develop clear expectations regarding the maintenance of safety in these laboratories.

Develop a safety manual for a BioSTEM laboratory, specifically for a lab that is involved with processing or developing biomedical products. Include the following in the manual: safety guidelines, procedures for accident prevention and response, and steps for reporting and documenting hazards. Explain the industry standards to maintain aseptic and sterile procedures and luminary flow, as well as the purpose of biosafety cabinets. Draw on the standard operating procedures from agencies such as OSHA, EPA, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) when developing the manual.

Identify and explain the intended use of safety equipment available in the classroom. For example, demonstrate how to properly inspect, use, and maintain safe operating procedures with tools and equipment. Also demonstrate the use of safety glasses, gloves, fire extinguisher, shower and eyewash stations.

Understand principles of, and successfully perform skills related to the BioSTEM laboratory. Utilize appropriate tools and technology then document findings using domain specific terminology. Incorporate rubrics from textbooks, CTSO guidelines, or clinical standards of practice for the following:

Correct use of a centrifuge

Accurate usage of balance or digital scales

Safe use of an autoclave

Accurate use of pH meter or strips

Accurate use of an inoculating loop for agar plate streaking

Accurate use and reading of glass or mercury thermometers

Review the use of volume measuring devices commonly used by biotechnologists, such as pipettes, micropipettes, and glassware. Prepare solutions and appropriate media, then perform serial dilutions incorporating aseptic techniques.

Explain in depth the terms and phrases often heard in a BioSTEM laboratory and relate how these terms and practices are important in the safe development of BioSTEM products and services.

Quality assurance

Quality control

Method validation

Appropriate documentation

Good manufacturing practices

Good laboratory practices.

Demonstrate the methods used in basic recordkeeping. Compare and contrast general methods and explain their design and functionalities including:

Laboratory notebooks

Equipment logs

Disposal records

Quality assurance/control records

In teams, apply qualitative and quantitative measures to analyze data and draw conclusions that are free of bias. Compare experimental evidence and conclusions with those drawn by others about the same testable question then communicate and defend scientific findings.

Explore several occupations within BioSTEM fields such as medical laboratory science, research science, food science, forensic science, and environmental science, and determine how various industries employ different kinds of data to meet their needs. Create an infographic to describe the many sources and types of data that these occupations use.

Summarize research from professional journals or websites, textbooks, and/or newspaper articles surrounding an ethical issue related to biotechnology (i.e., the use of animals for lab testing, genetically modified organisms, or stem cell use). Debate the chosen topics presenting both sides of the issue. Discuss the moral, ethical, and legal responsibilities of researchers, policymakers, and other actors as they pertain to informing the public and ensuring the safety and well-being of affected populations.

Develop an original idea for a new biotechnology product, and simulate a situation in which the product must be pitched to a prospective client. Create an informational packet to share during the presentation that includes the following items: definition and protection of intellectual property, type of patent, copyright issues and rules, trademarks, and breeders’ rights for plants or animals.

Develop an argumentative essay surrounding public perceptions and attitudes toward the use of biotechnology in society. Develop claims and counterclaims thoroughly based on facts from research, pointing out the strengths and weaknesses of each claim. Document information using appropriate industry terminology, including areas such as federal and international regulation and oversight, safety assessment, labeling of products, and impact on the economy.

Review the structural organization of all living things at the cellular level. Summarize in an oral, written, or digital presentation how cellular organization influences scientific approaches in BioSTEM fields, with specific attention given to the various levels of eukaryotic organisms, cellular molecules, cell growth and reproduction, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Synthesize information from professional journals and/or websites, textbooks, and news articles to compare and contrast the structure and properties of the four macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). Describe in an informational artifact how the cell membrane structures may be manipulated to allow the passage of these macromolecules in a cell; relate how this knowledge is used by scientists and applied to BioSTEM research.

Research the terms engineering design and scientific inquiry. Compare and contrast the steps of the engineering design process to the steps of the scientific inquiry in a graphic illustration or presentation.

Evaluate a question to determine if it is testable and can produce empirical data. Plan an investigation that outlines the steps of the design process to collect, record, analyze, and evaluate data. For example:

Given a set of symptoms, determine whether there is enough data to diagnose a medical condition as would a physician or nurse practitioner. (Science)

Determine what information an actuary would need to know in order to answer a research question about which factors (diet, air quality, soil contaminates, sedentary lifestyle etc.) are contributing the most to medical insurance claims in a region. (Mathematics)

Communicating Solutions and Explanations

Problem Solutions and Scientific Explanations

Data Analysis and Interpretation

Planning and Investigating

Questioning and Defining Problems

DNA Basics

The Roles of Scientists

Safety

Accurately read and interpret safety rules, including but not limited to rules published by the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), rules pertaining to electrical safety, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, and state and national code requirements. Be able to distinguish between the rules and explain why certain rules apply.

Research various sources (e.g., articles, end-uses, textbooks) and identify one or more questions that will guide a scientific investigation of the various functions of DNA in food, environmental, biomedical, research, or forensic science. For example, questions should be relevant, testable, and based on current scientific knowledge.

Develop an original proposal as would a food, environmental, biomedical, research, or forensic scientist that will guide the scientific inquiry and follow responsible ethical practices. For example, the proposal should outline the reason for the research interest, hypothesis, methodology, data analysis, importance of study, and deliverables.

Make a hypothesis that explains a scientific question about DNA and its relationship to food, environmental, biomedical, research, or forensic science. Plan and conduct a simple investigation and record observations (e.g., data) in a manner easily retrievable by others.

Identify the independent variables and dependent variables in an investigation. Demonstrate the effects of a changing independent variable on a dependent variable, and observe and record results.

Use mathematics to represent and solve scientific questions. For example, simple limit cases can be used to determine if a model is realistic.

Evaluate data and identify any limitations of data analysis. Using this information, determine whether to make scientific claims from data or revise an investigation and collect more data.

Compare and contrast the data results from multiple iterations of a scientific investigation. For example, consider how well each explanation is supported by evidence, prior research, and scientific knowledge.

Develop an explanation to a scientific question that is logically consistent, peer reviewed, and justified by DNA analysis and scientific knowledge.

Develop a technical report to communicate and defend a scientific explanation and justify its merit and validity with scientific information. Consider the ethical implications of the findings. The report can include tables, diagrams, graphs, procedures, and methodology. For example, conduct a BioSTEM forum, present scientific research, and provide evidence to support arguments for or against scientific solutions.

Identify and explain the intended use of safety equipment available in the classroom. For example, demonstrate how to properly inspect, use, and maintain safe operating procedures with tools and equipment. Incorporate safety procedures and complete safety test with 100 percent accuracy.

Determine the scientist’s role in explaining why phenomena occur in the natural world, justified by historical and current science knowledge. Research a known scientist and present in an informative paper, oral presentation, or other format his/her contributions to scientific knowledge in the fields of food, environmental, biomedical, research, and forensic science. Include an outline of how the scientific inquiry process was used in his/her work.

Explain how DNA serves as a template for self-replication and encoding of biological information using an original visual DNA model. Define the terms DNA replication, DNA transcription, and translation of mRNA. Recount the processes involved in each and describe the negative outcomes if there is an interference in the process. Using domainspecific terminology, develop a scientific explanation to support the claim that the structures and mechanisms of DNA and RNA are the primary sources of heritable information.

Construct a visual artifact, annotated with written explanations, detailing how DNA in chromosomes is transmitted to the next generation via mitosis or meiosis. Note qualitative and quantitative traits, mutations, transposable genetic elements, and regulation of gene expressions.

Research and explain Mendel’s model of inheritance. Using this model, trace the pattern of appearance within a family for a heritable disease that is on the recessive allele and one that is on the dominant allele. Develop an argumentative essay regarding how a certain biotechnology could genetically modify a gene to prevent this disorder, citing information from textbooks and/or professional journals and websites.

In an argumentative essay, state claims and counterclaims about how DNA structure and function may be exploited using modern genetic engineering methods to produce specific genetic constructs, such as selecting, excising, ligating, and cloning of genetic material. Ensure the documentation is written in domain-specific medical terminology.

Distinguish between a number of strategies used to isolate or clone a gene, such as activation tagging, map-based gene cloning, plasmid cloning vectors, viral vectors, and shuttle vectors. Present an overview of these strategies in a visual format.

Engage in scientific inquiry by brainstorming to create questions to understand how a certain phenomenon in the natural world works, to understand why a phenomenon occurs, or to determine the validity of a theory.

Project Evaluation

Project Completion and Presentation

Project Management

Project Communication

Team Development

Essential Components of BioSTEM Research

Safety

Accurately read and interpret safety rules, including but not limited to rules published by the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), rules pertaining to electrical safety, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, and state and national code requirements. Be able to distinguish between the rules and explain why certain rules apply.

Develop a process for official team communication. Define and document format guidelines for various modes of communication such as written, verbal, and email. For example, distinguish between communications appropriate to use with a team member versus communication appropriate to use with a supervisor (teacher). Document the communication guidelines in the team handbook.

Practice effective verbal, nonverbal, written, and electronic communication skills for working with team members while demonstrating the ability to: listen attentively, speak courteously and respectfully, discuss each member’s ideas, resolve conflict, and reach a consensus for team progress.

Research various decision-making methods for teams, such as consensus, majority, minority, averaging, and expert. Practice using these various methods when team disagreements arise, determine which are most effective for the project team, and explain the reasoning.

Survey and observe people in your school and/or community. Analyze the results to determine potential BioSTEM problems that need investigating or solving. Use these ideas to conduct research to determine and define a team project. Using supporting evidence from the research, write and present a BioSTEM project proposal defining the project’s purpose and goals. Include an outline of how the team intends to follow the scientific inquiry process.

Perform an Internet search, interview local professionals, or consult industry journals to identify common principles of successful project management. Based on templates retrieved online or approved by the instructor, estimate a detailed project plan for the course-long project. The project plan should include at minimum the following: a schedule or Gantt chart outlining deliverables, complete with job assignments based on team member strengths and weaknesses; a tracker for progress toward goals; a time management component to log hours worked for each team member; and supporting diagrams, datasheets, and flowcharts illustrating essential stages in the process.

Based on the project proposal and project plan, identify projected costs and estimate a hypothetical budget. The projected costs may include but are not limited to materials, labor, equipment, and travel. Create a method to track the actual costs. For example, spreadsheets can be used to analyze and track project expenses.

Apply all steps of the scientific inquiry process to successfully generate a hypothesis or prototype, collect the relevant data, perform the necessary tests, interpret the results, make modifications to models or prototypes, and communicate results over the course of the project’s duration. Produce a technical report documenting the findings of the project and justifying the team’s final conclusions based on evidence obtained.

As a team, design a presentation to communicate the results of the project to both a technical and a non-technical audience. The presentation should be delivered orally but supported by relevant graphic illustrations, such as diagrams and models of project findings, and/or physical artifacts that represent the outcome of the project. Prepare the presentation in a format that could be submitted to a competition such as a local Maker Faire or CTSO competitive event.

Using tools that were developed during the course (i.e., professionalism rubric, project plan, organizational chart, team development evaluation), write a reflection paper to evaluate the project team’s performance. Present the BioSTEM project and team evaluation to the class. The paper should address, but is not limited to the following:

Did the team accomplish the project goal?

How well did the team (collectively and individually) meet the performance indicators?

How did the team develop throughout the duration of the project?

How well did the team resolve disagreements?

Was the team leadership effective?

Was the project completed within budget?

Identify and explain the intended use of safety equipment available in the classroom. For example, demonstrate how to properly inspect, use, and maintain safe operating procedures with tools and equipment. Incorporate safety procedures and complete safety test with 100 percent accuracy.

Explore how research teams are formed in order to answer scientific questions or design solutions to BioSTEM problems. Using a scholarly database such as the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), or searching on the websites of universities and other research institutions, investigate a well-known team of scientists (for example, the most recent Nobel Prize-winning teams in the sciences) and report to the class on how they collaborated to produce new scientific knowledge.

Research the ethical requirements for conducting DNA or biomedical research that will involve the public. For example, investigate the process for obtaining Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval when proposing a biomedical or human behavioral research study. Describe the concept of risk-benefit analysis in the production of new scientific knowledge; detail the rights and responsibilities of researchers—and, if applicable, their subjects—as they relate to conducting research in BioSTEM fields.

Examine how BioSTEM professionals obtain funding, seek sponsorship, and/or gain approval to conduct their research. Explore websites such as the National Science Foundation or the National Institutes of Health to identify common processes around submitting proposals for research studies and procuring the necessary funds. Explain specific terminology such as request for proposals (RFP), competitive grants versus formula grants, and seed funding.

Establish research teams and create a set of team norms and values that are understood and approved by all team members. The norms should include the team’s mission and guidelines for how team members will treat each other. Create a tram handbook and include the documented team norms.

As a team, determine the professional attributes that must be embodied by team members in order to successfully complete the proposed project. Collaboratively develop a professionalism rubric with performance indicators for each attribute agreed upon. Include the rubric in the team handbook. Attributes may include the following:

Effective communication

Respect for fellow team members

Ethical use of intellectual property and other project resources (including ethical treatment of test subjects, if applicable)

Timely achievement of project deadlines and goals

Collaborative and equitable distribution of work among all team members

Identify the strengths and weaknesses of team members and organize the results into a graphic representation. Use the graphic representation to define the roles of each team member and create an organizational chart for the team handbook. For example, the strengths and weaknesses document will help identify the leader of the project team.

Research Tuckman’s stage model for team development (i.e., forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning). Prior to starting the BioSTEM project, understand and explain each stage. After completing the project, write a brief evaluation of the team’s growth at each stage.

Communication of Project Results

Portfolio

Professional Ethics and Legal Responsibilities

Business Proposal

Market Research

Launching a Career in Business

A student will have a Personalized Learning Plan that identifies their long-term goals, demonstrates how the Work-Based Learning (WBL) experience aligns with their elective focus and/or high school plan of study, addresses how the student plans to meet and demonstrate the course standards, and addresses employability skill attainment in the following areas:

Application of academic and technical knowledge and skills (embedded in course standards)

Career knowledge and navigation skills

21st Century learning and innovation skills

Personal and social skills

Expanding on the marketing strategy drafted in the revised business plan, conduct the necessary analysis (i.e., produce a target customer profile, release a survey, etc.) and implement the marketing strategy in line with plan goals. Seek avenues for increasing product/service visibility, such as promoting the company on social media, partnering with another business in a promotional tie-in or cross-selling activity, sponsoring a non-profit event or offering incentives such as samples, games prizes, and loyalty programs.

Critique the business plan of another team or classmate, annotating the plan with recommendations and suggested edits. Cite specific examples in the text to support recommendations.

Reflect on potential ethical and legal challenges associated with the proposed business idea. For example, for a hypothetical clothing line startup that intends to source materials from overseas, determine how the company will ensure that labor laws are followed at all points along the supply chain. Examine a variety of perspectives surrounding the issue(s) then develop an original analysis explaining the impact of the issue on those involved, using persuasive language and citing evidence from the research. Other potential issues include copyright infringement, customer privacy and data usage concerns, and safety of employees and consumers.

Create a portfolio, or similar collection of work, that illustrates mastery of skills and knowledge outlined in the previous courses and applied in the practicum. The portfolio should reflect thoughtful assessment and evaluation of the progression of work involving the application of steps of the entrepreneurial or business acquisition process. The following documents will reside in the student’s portfolio:

Career and professional development plan

Resume

List of responsibilities undertaken through the course

Examples of business plan and supporting materials developed and used during the course

Sources of support, including mentors, financial, in-kind, and other

Description of technology used, with examples if appropriate

Periodic journal entries reflecting on tasks and activities

Feedback from instructor and/or supervisor based on observations

Upon completion of the practicum, develop a technology-enhanced presentation showcasing highlights, challenges, and lessons learned from the experience. The presentation should be delivered orally, but supported by relevant graphic illustrations, such as sample survey results, excerpts from the business plan or market data on the target users. Prepare the presentation in a format that could be presented to both a business and a lay audience. Seek opportunities to submit the business plan and/or presentation to local or national contests, career and technical student organization (CTSO) competitive events, or other opportunities to increase the potential for success of the business idea.

Research a small business or business venture in an industry/market/location of choice, including but not limited to the local region. Produce an in-depth profile, case study, or similar analysis of the chosen company. Companies could range from local businesses to web startups to expansions of existing businesses into new products or markets. Cite specific textual evidence from the company’s literature, conduct interviews, and/or analyze press coverage (if available) to summarize the following:

The mission and history of the organization

Headquarters and organizational structure

Products or services provided

Marketing/branding strategy

Human resource development

Profit model

Website and contact information

Complete an authentic job application as part of a career search or work-based learning experience. Participate in a mock interview. Prior to the interview, update a personal resume, research tips on dress and grooming, most commonly asked interview questions, appropriate conduct during an interview, and recommended follow-up procedure. Upon completion of the interview, write a thank you letter to the interviewer in a written or email format.

Investigate the current climate for entrepreneurship and business acquisition in the U.S. and abroad. Synthesizing the most recent information on interest rates, consumer spending, market competition, regulation, investment activity, and other economic data, identify the potential constraints and opportunities for starting a business in a selected market of interest. Draw conclusions based on the research and compile into a memo, executive summary, or mock proposal highlighting where to compete, how much to invest, and which consumers to target.

Independently or in teams, conduct a market research project to determine the viability of an original business idea or the recommendations to improve the marketing activities of an existing business. Demonstrate the ability to design simple surveys, retrieve secondary data from print and online sources, tabulate results, write analyses, and make decisions based on evidence. If possible, consult or collaborate with local area professionals to determine the viability of original business ideas. Compile findings and future directions in a professional print or online document.

Building on standards from Entrepreneurship and Business Management, individually or in teams, develop a new or modify an existing business plan for the proposed startup/business venture. Include at minimum the following components:

Executive summary

Business description

Plan of operations, including human capital considerations

Industry analysis

Competitor analysis

Marketing plan

Financial plan

Any relevant appendices, cover sheets, letters of support, or references

In preparation for the launch of the new business/venture, identify potential mentors and sources of support in the community (both financial and in-kind services), such as clients, customers, funders, grant-making entities, or community organizations. Practice pitching the business idea to mentors and various audiences. Seek feedback and recommendations on presentation and proposal details. Analyze the feedback and recommendations to justify any changes to the business plan, citing evidence from the initial presentation. Upon revision, revise the business plan, documenting all changes made.

Based on the research and revisions conducted in the previous standard, develop and deliver a formal presentation as part of a bid for startup capital, investors, or public backing. The presentation could be delivered in a variety of formats depending on capacity and constraints: for example, as an in-person pitch before an audience of potential funders; or as a video recording uploaded to a website such as Kickstarter. Self-reflect on initial success based on feedback from the audience or pledges of support, depending on approach.

As a supplement to the formal presentation, conduct a preliminary break-even/profit-loss analysis for the first year of the startup’s operations or a business acquisition. Determine the long-term financial goals of the company; make projections for 1, 5, and 10 years ahead. Drawing on knowledge and skills learned in previous courses, design metrics for tracking financial goals and develop an internal reporting system for monitoring progress.

Career Activities

Virtual Meetings

Oral Communications

Desktop Publishing

Business Writing

Digital Citizenship

Communication Components

Demonstrate compliance with the school’s ethics policy regarding copyrighted materials, plagiarism, authenticity, proper citations, privacy, and proper use of technology resources.

Analyze examples of writing for evolving digital platforms such as social media applications. Compare and contrast writing conventions required for commonly used applications and construct an event announcement for a local business in formats appropriate for at least three different social media/networking tools.

Locate a website used by a business to sell a product or service. Evaluate the website’s design, content, text, images, layout, and color. Discern the site’s effectiveness and ease of navigation, including the use of hyperlinks. Using persuasive writing, produce a critique addressing the pros and cons of the site, and offer recommended revisions.

Create, adjust, and publish business document projects to typographic standards:

Using word processing, spreadsheet, and desktop-publishing software

Planning layouts based on estimation and calculations to achieve accepted balance of text, art, photos, and white space

Applying consistent style standards, including fonts, margins, layout, color scheme, and image and text formats

Inserting and formatting merged graphic elements, such as charts, graphs, photos and artwork, and text embellishments

Incorporating editing and revision markings to incorporate desired changes by the author/editor

Configure and send typographic output for designing camera ready documents on destination printer, color model (RGB, CMYK, etc.), preprint color requirement, and process color separations.

Manipulate, enhance and produce digital photographs, graphics, or other art elements utilizing photographic and / or graphic editing software.

Draft and edit two speeches: (1) to persuade, and (2) to inform. Incorporate planning and preparation to deliver speeches that adhere to the following expectations:

Appropriate for various audiences and purposes

Delivered with enthusiasm and appropriate body language

Structured to guide the listener to the desired objective or response

Includes facts and research, in addition to original claim(s) and counterclaim(s) supported by evidence

Revised based on peer feedback

Critique the purpose of various speaking assignments to identify the design and goal, such as to inform, educate, convince, persuade, or lead to action.

Plan, prepare, and conduct a short business meeting, including following-up after the meeting. Write an agenda, develop and produce necessary materials, facilitate the meeting effectively, and prepare a follow-up email thanking the attendees for their participation and summarizing key takeaways and action items.

Promote, organize, and practice creative problem-solving using the brainstorming approach, incorporating common techniques such as predefined time limits, short breaks, goals, visual aids, and record-keeping.

Plan, organize, schedule, and deliver a webinar to one or more distant parties using computer conferencing tools (e.g., telephone or voice over IP, online conferencing system).

Prepare an invitation, agenda, and overall script for the webinar, outlining the planned verbiage and business-related flow of information. Include guidelines, minutes and follow-up.

Single-handedly or as a team, conduct the webinar or simulated webinar according to the agenda.

Leverage the video, audio, and meeting enhancement tools available through the selected webinar software, such as highlighting, chat, polling, and question features to maximize audience interaction.

Save, and edit, if needed, a short audio/video recording of the webinar for later publication.

Identify, analyze, and critique the basic components of communications, such as the message, the sender, the receiver, the mode, the noise, and the response. This includes conducting responsible research when necessary, developing effective arguments, composing meaningful and coherent messages appropriate to the intended audience, and polishing one’s delivery skills to deliver an effective and credible message, followed by listening.

Plan, organize, schedule, and conduct a web videoconference or simulation with one or more distant parties using computer conferencing tools (e.g., webcams, high-speed Internet, computer)

Prepare an overall agenda for the web conference, outlining the planned exchanges of information, positioning and appearance of people, and switching between video sources (e.g., webcams, document cams, and other imagery).

Follow the agenda to complete the web-meeting exchange, either single-handedly or as part of a team.

Use effective communication and engagement strategies (such as effective meetings facilitation) to encourage active participation by all parties connected to the meeting.

Save, and edit if needed, a short audio/video recording of the web meeting for later publication.

Prepare an electronic portfolio

Including work products demonstrating career preparation skills, using an assortment of media (text, photos, video, hyper-linked pages).

Including a professionally formatted résumé and other supporting documents such as cover letter and application.

Packaged on a suitable media (e.g., CD, DVD, memory stick, web site).

Research interview questions focused on engaging with the potential employer. Identify one company and conduct mock job interviews to practice asking clear questions and providing clear job interview responses.

Conduct a job search of positions in one or more career areas of interest using tools such as https://www.jobs4tn.gov and other online employment resources; complete a job application; participate in mock interviews with partner businesses and/or through participation in a student organization event.

Address the appropriate use of and ethics related to social media in personal and professional situations and its impact on career search processes, as well as its impact on the professional reputation of a person.

Differentiate between verbal and nonverbal communications when interacting with peers, subordinates, superiors, and customers. List specific techniques for effective communications and evaluate how different cultures and generations attach different meanings to various gestures, intonations, and other communications techniques.

Practice and implement proven communication techniques to foster positive interpersonal relationships in the business atmosphere, such as:

Establishing and maintaining positive relationships with coworkers and customers (e.g., being fair, helpful, tactful, gracious, and appreciative).

Recognize manifestations of tension and employ recommended strategies to resolve the situation in the most favorable ways (e.g., collaborating, compromising, accommodating).

Practice various interactions and conflict resolution strategies by participating in role-play exercises and structured controversies, allowing students to model positive/supportive behaviors that respect varying perspectives and viewpoints of others and yield consensus decision-making.

Create a rubric for evaluating and selecting the best electronic communication tool for a given task or situation. Using scenarios from business and industry, identify appropriate tools for various situations and defend selections through a persuasive narrative, based on the application of the rubric.

Research and analyze various aspects of good digital citizenship. In groups, discuss the effects of technology on day-to-day and business communications. Select one topic (such as hacking of a customer database, social media, etc.) for further exploration and develop an electronic presentation employing to demonstrate the implications of the topic on society, as well as business and industry.

Compile significant points regarding courtesy and propriety in a digital business world (“netiquette”) and prepare a presentation or web page that includes the topics of

Message priority (urgent, normal, or low)

Consent to share (property rights)

Confidential or sensitive information (privacy)

Message formatting (fonts, color, case, informal abbreviations, emoticons)

Evaluate, create, and revise business correspondence, e-mail messages, short contracts and reports, electronic forms, and small legal documents for a business in standard English using the following:

Employing word processing and simple spreadsheet programs

Using proper grammar essentials, including parts of speech, vocabulary, punctuation, sentence structure

Applying accepted business styles, including fonts, margins, layout, color, formats for dates, times, currencies, proper names

Using acceptable business language, vocabulary, acronyms

Writing for social media

Writing for the internet

Analyze examples of written digital communications (e-mails, instant messaging, etc.). Compare and contrast writing conventions required to master this form of communications.

Final Project

Financial Considerations

Human Relations Considerations

Organizational Considerations

Marketing Considerations

Business Process Considerations

Planning and Strategic Management

Role of Management

Describe the management process and examine the functions of management (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling). Through review of case studies or news media, illustrate how concerns for the environment, an increasingly diverse workforce, globalization of the marketplace, and rapidly changing technology have impacted how businesses apply these functions.

Create a new, or recommend updates to an existing, mission statement for the selected business by summarizing information gleaned from personal interviews, observations, print articles, and internet searches about the specific aspirations, beliefs, and values of the company.

Conduct a PEST analysis (Political issues, Economic factors, Socio-cultural factors, Technology) of the selected business, including available geographic, demographic and economic data gathered from multiple authoritative sources. Based on the analysis, make a prediction about necessary factors which need to be considered in order to accurately address the businesses’ most significant weakness(es) or area(s) of opportunity selected in standards 6.

Identify up to five businesses that could be considered competitors of the selected business. Gather and summarize information about the competition succinctly in a chart, table, or graphic. Information may include variety of products available, location, prices, services, and other unique characteristics.

Make a claim about the current target market of the selected business, developing and supporting the claim and counterclaim(s) with data and evidence provided by the business and from research on potential competitors. Develop a detailed customer profile to summarize characteristics, including the BPI (Buying Power Index), for the target market.

Using previous research on the selected business and its competitors, describe typical prices in the industry for similar products or services, noting how the prices of the selected business compare to others. Summarize how businesses make and review pricing decisions based on four key market factors: cost and expenses, supply and demand, consumer perception, and competition. Analyze each factor for the selected business and summarize how each relates to typical organizational goals of earning a profit, gaining market share, and being competitive, noting where there are chances to address weakness(es) or capitalize on area(s) of opportunity identified in standard 6.

Describe advantages and disadvantages of the basic forms of business ownership (sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation) and identify variations of basic forms of business ownership (franchise, limited partnership, cooperative, limited liability company, and S corporation). Determine which ownership structure is employed by the selected business and hypothesize why it was selected. Review copies of available partnership agreements, articles of incorporation or franchise contracts, noting characteristics important for successful operation of a given business.

Document existing operations plan of the selected business, describing location, hours of operation, customer accessibility, equipment, storage, and inventory needs, and current supply chain elements. Reviewing the most significant weakness(es), or largest area(s) of opportunity for the selected business determined in standards 6, make recommendations about changes to current plan to improve business operations. For example, recommending a new location to improve customer foot traffic.

Diagram and describe the organizational structure of the business by creating an organizational chart of existing positions and/or department in the business, paying close attention to documentation of job descriptions (including reporting structures), accurate number of employees, and any outsourced labor.

Identify applicable risks to the selected business (such as fire or flood damage or significant theft of inventory) and research available options for risk management, such as insurance. Make a claim about appropriate risk management strategies to employ to address the businesses’ weakness(es) or area(s) of opportunity identified in standard 6, justifying claim with data and evidence from research.

Identify and list appropriate national, state, and local bodies governing the operations of the selected business. Review documentation to summarize federal, state, and local regulations and laws (such as environmental regulations, zoning or licensing requirements, and legal stipulations) that are necessary for the continued operations of the selected business.

Analyzing the wo components of industrial psychology – workplace productivity and employee wellbeing – explore the characteristics of and distinguish between various management theories (such as scientific management, Total Quality Management (TQM), Ouchi’s Theory Z, Six Sigma, Situational Leadership, etc.). Drawing on information from research, illustrate how economic, political, or cultural decisions influence management theories that have been applied in the business environment. For example, hypothesize how Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs affects theories of management.

Analyze the essential parts of a contract by reviewing sample contracts and researching the Uniform Commercial Code for basic commercial law. Request a copy of a contract in use at the selected business and review it to recommend potential areas for refinement or improvement.

Create a new, or recommend updates to an existing, employee manual for the selected business by summarizing information gleaned from personal interviews, observations, print articles, and internet searches about the human resource policies and employee expectations of the company. Include the following:

procedures for employee hiring and release

orientation of new employees

performance assessments

handling grievances

compensation packages

code of conduct and business ethics

Describe legal strategies used by labor and management (strikes, boycotts, layoffs, and lockouts) and illegal strategies used by labor and management (wildcat strikes, secondary boycotts, and preventing workers from forming unions). Conduct current event research highlighting recent activities involving labor and management disputes, drawing conclusions about the potential impacts of a labor and management strategy on the selected business, if any.

Research non-traditional workspaces and alternative work solutions. Compare and contract traditional and non-traditional workspaces as related to financial considerations, employee engagement, and management styles.

Interpret the data shown on financial statements (income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and statement of net worth) of the selected business. Benchmark the business’ financial position against others in the industry, by reviewing available public filing documents such as financial statements, annual reports, and statements to shareholders of national firms.

Evaluate various financial control tools such as budgets, audits, and financial ratios. Construct a TQM operations cost controlling matrix that includes costs, inventory tracking levels, and turnover rates of the selected business. Identify potential areas of improvement, especially as they relate to the identified weakness(es) and area(s) of opportunities outlined in standard 6.

Assess the short-term and long-term financial needs of the selected business, attending to details about the current ownership structure. Evaluate advantages and disadvantages of additional funding through equity capital versus debt capital, noting where potential influx of funding may impact current ownership structure.

Analyze the importance of international trade as it relates to small businesses and corporations. Research reasons a company might choose to enter a foreign market, examine cross-cultural communication marketing challenges, the laws and import regulations that govern international trade, and prepare a presentation on how the business could succeed in an international environment.

As would a management consultant, compile a set of recommendations for the selected business based on the research completed in standards 7-24 to address one or more of the following: streamlining operations, increasing profitability and competitiveness, meeting long-term funding needs, or addressing employee concerns in order to ultimately attend to the weakness(es) and/or area(s) of opportunity identified in standard 6. Plan, revise, edit, and rewrite recommendations throughout the course to ensure focus on what is most significant for a given audience. Present recommendations through both a formal, written report and an oral presentation, including appropriate financial calculations, charts and graphs, and citations for relevant sources.

Distinguish between historical management theories (such as Scientific Management Theory, Human Relations Movement, etc.) and modern management theories (such as Contingency Theory, Systems Theory, Chaos Theory, etc.) then compare and contrast similarities and differences. Discuss ways in which major historical events and dramatic shifts in societal processes and procedures have informed the evolution of management theories. Identify factors and variables that have influenced changes, progressions, and/or modifications to theories of management.

Research the management skills needed in today’s business environment (such as goal setting, decision making, communications, delegation, technical skills, motivational and leadership skills). Through the analysis of case studies, discuss the role of business leaders who have been recognized for their influence on modern managerial approaches (such as Theory Z’s William Ouchi, General Electric’s Jack Welch, Hewlett-Packard’s Carleton Fiorina, or Facebook’s Sheryl Sandberg). Synthesize research to produce a profile of a strong candidate for a business manager, citing specific evidence from text.

Select a historical and a modern theory of management and develop a business plan for a proposed organization using each identified approach. Include a clear comparison of the two business plans with differences clearly defining and explaining the variables contributing to these variations. Create a graphic that illustrates each component of a business plan (such as executive summary, business description, products and services, etc.) which clearly distinguishes the differences between the plan using a historical theory and the plan using a modern theory.

Analyze the elements of sample business plans or business plan templates found in informational text, identifying and describing the purpose of common elements. Discriminate between elements that govern culture (such as vision, mission, core priorities and social responsibility) and those that may govern operational goals (such as market share, profitability, and product development).

Investigate and choose an existing business to research (individually or in teams) throughout the duration of the course. Describe the business’ current target market, primary products or services offered, unique characteristics, current market position, and customer volume by summarizing available public documents about the business.

Design, write, modify and evaluate a business plan for the identified existing business. The business plan should include, but may not be limited to, detailed descriptions of products and/or services offered, risk analysis, short and long term profits, marketing plan, investment needed to start and maintain the business, plans to obtain working capital, legal licenses, and vendor contracts. Include a company organization chart, job description and skills needed of main employees, physical equipment and facilities required, and any future expansion plans.

Study benchmark indicators included in a SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis and conduct a SWOT analysis of the selected business using data and evidence collected from personal interviews, observations, print articles, and internet searches. Citing specific data and evidence, make a claim about the business’ most significant weakness(es), or area(s) of opportunity, to address throughout the duration of the course.

Special Cabling Situations

Cabling Installations

Cabling System Design

Specifications and Standards

Transmission Media

Computers and Electronics

Safety

Cabling Overview

Research the history and development of communications cabling to acquire knowledge of present-day network cabling concepts and uses, including but not limited to:

The history of telephone and wireless communications in the United States

The differences between analog and digital communication systems

The three main types and typical applications of twisted-pair cabling

Proper uses of plenum- and riser-rated cabling

Plan and implement a small-scale LAN installation, properly using the tools, techniques, and materials accepted in cabling industry, including but not limited to building schematics, wire cutters and wire strippers, cable crimpers, punch-down tool, “fish tape” and pull/pushrods, diagnostic test tools, lubricants, and cable identification tags. Before completing installation, design a summary document that includes a narrative of activities and a graphic illustration of sites to share with potential customer.

As part of a real or practice installation, explain and demonstrate the rough-in phase for both horizontal and vertical installations of data cabling in a small office, including but not limited to horizontal and vertical installations, fire stops, and telecommunications closet construction or upgrades.

As part of a real or practice installation, explain and demonstrate the trim-out phase of an installation, including but not limited to cable management, connectors and splices for copper media and fiber-optic media, and patch panels.

As part of a real or practice installation, explain and demonstrate the completion stage of an installation, including but not limited to cable testing and certification, performance testing, final dressing of the installation, and documentation and drawings representing the finished installation and test results.

Demonstrate an understanding of the special cabling situations required for high bandwidth scenarios, providing power over Ethernet (PoE), standards of SCADA systems, industrialgrade data cabling requirements, and preventive maintenance programs for cable systems. Create and deliver a brief presentation on at least one of the above topics, citing specific textual evidence.

Assess a variety of situations requiring the use of network cabling and demonstrate the ability to follow procedures safely. Explain the applicability of various safety standards and procedures, including but not limited to:

Safety codes and standards for the cabling materials and installation methods

Safe practices working around electricity

Workplace safety practices

Personal safety equipment

Compare and contrast aspects of communication signals carried by various types of cabling, identifying which types are best suited for different applications. Complete a graphic organizer to differentiate characteristics of:

Analog signals versus digital signals

Voltage signals versus optical signals

Multiplexed signals

Compare and contrast the typical applications for various types of data cables (such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optic), and the conditions under which a technician may use them. Defend the choice of cable for an example application, coherently and respectfully expressing the rationale behind the choice to a mock customer.

Compare and contrast conducting data cables with fiber-optic data cables, including but not limited to:

Transmission modes (electrical conduction versus optical transmission)

Connectors

Installation issues

Advantages and disadvantages

Research wiring standards and the organizations responsible for drafting and overseeing them. During a practice installation, explain how the communication of the standards impacts a user’s ability to specify, install, and test the appropriate cabling. The subject organizations should include:

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

Electronics Industries Alliance (EIA)

During a practice installation of data cabling, describe the applicability of the National Electrical Code (NEC) and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) requirements, citing specific textual evidence.

Design a telecommunications closet (TC) for a Local Area Network (LAN) installation. Craft a full explanatory text that cites specific textual evidence in descriptions of:

Differences between TC and equipment rooms

Recommended number of TCs in a large building

TC construction standards (including required and prohibited features and dimensions)

Typical equipment and features in TC

Required environmental conditions inside the TC

Explain and demonstrate, in writing or a presentation, the role played by each component in a typical star network installation, including the Network Interface card (NIC), media converter, repeater, hub, bridge, switch, server, and router. For each component, detail the likely consequences in the event of failure, and prescribe strategies for prevention and maintenance.

Health Statistics

Invasive Treatment Procedures

Diagnostics and Procedures

Anatomy and Physiology

Legalities and Ethical Issues

Career Planning

Research careers within cardiovascular and pulmonary sciences and explain in a graphic illustration or informational artifact** the educational/credentialing requirements, scope of practice, as well as state and national compliance guidelines required of cardiovascular health care professionals.

Differentiate between bipolar, unipolar, and precordial leads. Relate their importance in performing an ECG test correctly. Include the concept of Einthoven’s Triangle in the explanation.

Compare and contrast the single- and three-channel ECG machines. Demonstrate the ability to define the purpose of the equipment, and explain indications for use, expected outcomes, advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of each.

Summarize the history of the ECG machine including aspects of industry standardization and advances in technology. Use a timeline or other graphic to illustrate the major developments.

Understand principles of and successfully perform skills related to performing a resting ECG (12 lead, 15 lead, etc.), incorporating rubrics from textbooks or clinical standards of practice for the following: (CET)

Gather supplies and equipment

Educate patient on procedure expectations

Apply electrodes and leads to patient

Confirm equipment

Perform standard ECG

Obtain ECG tracing strips and perform rhythm analysis, including the following: (CET)

Analyze ECG tracing for presence of P, Q, R, S, and T waves, and heart rate calculation.

Identify ECG tracings indicative of sinus, junctional, atrial, ventricular, atrioventricular, hypertrophy, chamber enlargement, and pacemaker rhythms. Include intraventricular conduction and myocardial perfusion tracings.

Identify electrical interference and somatic tremor on an ECG tracing, as well as the steps to take to alleviate or prevent such artifacts.

Correlate ECG finding (wavelengths, segments, intervals, etc.) with cardiac function.

Correlate ECG morphology with anatomy and physiology.

Role-play explanation of the cardiovascular reflex test in a mock clinical setting. Discuss at minimum the following: overview or explanation of the test, the associated risks, patient expectations before, during, and after the test, and next steps for abnormal results.

Summarize in a written, oral, or digital presentation the scope of a typical electrocardiograph test. Draw evidence from textbooks, professional journals, and online healthcare sites (such as Cleveland Clinic, MedLine Plus, and Mayo Clinic) to produce an overview or explanation of the test, the associated risks, and patient expectations before, during, and after testing.

Construct a chart or a graph that differentiates between the various types of nuclear imaging and the radiographic cardiovascular and pulmonary test. Include within this graph or chart an overview or explanation of the test, the mechanics of the procedure, the associated risks, and patient expectations before, during and after testing. Obtain information from textbooks, professional journals, and online healthcare sites (such as Cleveland Clinic, MedLine Plus, and Mayo Clinic).

Research the types of invasive diagnostic procedures. Examples might include cardiac catheterization, carotid angiography, electrophysiological studies, intravascular ultrasound, or myocardial biopsy. Develop a patient education packet utilizing medical and non-medical terminology, including the following information: overview or explanation of the procedure, the associated risks, patient expectations before, during, and after the test, and next steps for abnormal results.

Differentiate between the various types of cardiovascular ultrasound procedures. Discuss what an ultrasound can identify that other procedures might not, in addition to the risk considerations, reliability of results, and proper interpretation of an ultrasound image. Roleplay teaching another classmate about the type of procedure that has been ordered by the physician.

Analyze the range of skills, competencies, and professional traits (such as leadership, time management, and ethical responsibility) required for careers in cardiovascular or pulmonary sciences. Using real-time and projected labor market data, identify local and national employment opportunities and determine areas of growth. Complete a job application, resume, and cover letter for one of the jobs located in the search.

Research treatments involving cardiac, vascular, and thoracic surgery for cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and/or disorders. Analyze in written, oral, or digital format the implications for each, identifying trends and/or advances in available treatments over the past fifty years.

Identify characteristics and/or signs and symptoms of patients experiencing cardiac and/or pulmonary complications in physician offices or emergency rooms. Create a plan of action for assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of the patient.

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) suggests that the number one leading cause of deaths in the United States is heart disease, according to 2012 data. Complete a short research project to identify on the local level the 1) incidence of heart disease and disorders, 2) number of associated deaths, 3) preventive measures currently being taken, and 4) available educational programs and initiatives. Document findings in an oral, digital, or visual presentation. Information can be found from organizations such as the CDC, state and county health department websites, and interviews with public health and emergency professionals.

Research the Healthy People Initiative sponsored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Identify the goals and objectives, established baselines, and strategies to facilitate progress toward the initiative’s goals. Then, develop a marketing campaign to inform a variety of audiences about the initiative. The campaign can include a public service announcement, community awareness project, health education project, and/or public health education project shared with local schools, leaders in the community, and the general public.

Summarize the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and explain procedure and guidelines concerning receiving and verifying physician orders, identifying the patient/client, and obtaining patient’s consent to perform procedures. Identify the procedures that require written permission and those that require only verbal consent. Roleplay these procedures in a classroom and/or clinical setting. Explain, using domain-specific language and accurate definitions of legal concepts, how the content of these legal documents impacts patients’ rights for all aspects of care.

Compare and contrast the costs of preventive medical procedures versus diagnostic medical procedures related to the cardiovascular and pulmonary system. Use information found in news media, professional journals, and trade magazines to help determine if preventive procedures would increase or decrease health care cost as it relates to heart health.

Relate the gross and cellular structure and function of the cardiovascular and autonomic systems to the following areas.

Electrophysiology of the heart, including definitions of waveforms

Control mechanisms and cardiac cycle with normal values (CET)

Size, location, layers, chambers, valves, pressures, and blood flow of heart (CET)

Relationship of cardiac output to heart rate and stroke volume (CET)

Interpret the pathophysiology related to normal and abnormal heart sounds and breath sounds. Evaluate simulated heart sounds to identify normal heart sounds, normal lung sounds, murmurs, rubs, extra heart sounds, wheezes, or other abnormal breath sounds via a mannequin or digital substitute.

Choose a disease, disorder, or emergency situation related to the cardiac, circulatory, pulmonary, or autonomic systems drawn from news media, textbooks, professional journals, or trade magazines. Develop an oral or visual presentation interpreting the scope of the disease/disorder/emergency, basic pathophysiology, affected populations, pharmacological interventions, signs and symptoms, risk factors, existing practices that target the disease/disorder, and interventions available.

Formulate a written and digital health education project to inform an adult and/or geriatric audience about the negative effects of complications such as electrolyte imbalance, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, or renal impairment on the heart, circulatory, and pulmonary systems.

Perform the following duties and tasks related to pre-procedural activity: (CET)

Perform universal precautions (e.g., hand washing, Personal Protective Equipment)

Transport the patient

Prepare the patient (shaving, cleaning skin, etc., should be simulated on mannequin)

Collect patient information

Enter information into Electrocardiogram (ECG) machine

Identify proper landmarks on mannequin

Maintain patient safety throughout the pre-procedural process

Vital sign assessment

Pulse oximeter

Electronic Communication and Collaboration

Digital Citizenship

Presentation Software

Database Applications

Spreadsheet Applications

Word Processing and Publishing

Communication Networks, the Internet, and Technology Operations

Research recent developments in information technology affecting the supply/demand characteristics of the job market, including career pathways and occupational outlooks for occupations in business and finance that require information technology expertise. Synthesize findings into a presentation highlighting the typical roles and responsibilities of professionals in high-growth occupations.

Craft documents using word processing program features and methods such as:

Paragraph formatting (line spacing, justification, indentations)

Bulleted and numbered lists

Tables of multiple columns, with and without borders

Margins, headers, footers, page numbers, and footnotes

Typeface fonts and weights, including hyperlinks

Capitalization, punctuation, number expression, grammar

Printing orientation, one- or two-sided, to a selected printer

Bibliographies and tables of contents

Saving to a file that can be shared and/or transported, including saving to cloudbased or external sources

Enhance documents by including graphic arts components such as borders and shaded elements, graphs and charts from other programs, watermarks, and imagery imported from technology devices and drives as well as sources retrieved from the Internet, including adding citations and/or captions for each element when appropriate.

Create, format, and edit documents suitable for print or electronic distribution, both fourcolor and two-color (black and white).

Critique and edit existing documents with standard proofreading and editing marks to conform to a standard business style guide (e.g., fonts, colors, line spacing). Practice the use of electronic revision marks and comments, where supported.

Complete a comprehensive word-processing project with instructor approval that applies the skills acquired in this section. For example, prepare a contract, MLA-style report, business proposal, or budget report from a student organization.

Use a spreadsheet program to create and format academic and business documents for the purposes of tabulating and calculating numerical and/or textual data (e.g., statistics, historical data, measurements), such as budget calculations, sales reports, lab data, and related analyses.

Craft documents using a spreadsheet program using features and methods such as:

Cells, columns, and rows

Formulas and functions

Copy, move, delete, and fill

Cell-value formats (numerical and text) and alignment

Column and row width/height, insert/delete, move

Printing to a selected printer

Saving with a file format that can be shared and/or transported

Create new formulas to analyze data by calculating with, extracting from, presenting, and/or summarizing, including:

Basic arithmetic calculations

Basic mathematic (e.g., SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX) and text (e.g., LEN, LEFT, RIGHT, MID) functions

Copying formulas that include both relative and absolute cell references

Sorting in ascending/descending order

Filtering data to retrieve specific values

Basic conditional formatting (e.g., red for negative values)

Create and format for optimal clarity a variety of types of graphs and charts, including bar charts, line charts, pie charts, and X-Y graphs, based on tabulated data.

Retrieve a spreadsheet template (from those installed with the program or from the Internet) and customize it for a particular assignment approved by the instructor. For example, prepare a “timecard” of one’s daily hours spent on a month-long job assignment.

Identify, connect, and demonstrate the correct usage of elements of a typical home computer, including a monitor, keyboard, mouse, network cable, and USB devices (such as camera, memory, or scanner). Perform basic troubleshooting as needed for situations involving these components (e.g., if the computer does not recognize a device).

Use a database program to interpret the structure of an existing database (found in teaching resources or teacher-created), identifying tables, fields, key fields, queries, forms, and reports.

Using an existing database (found in teaching resources or teacher-created), create and run a database report based on basic queries. For example, retrieve the relevant information to answer a customer product inquiry during a mock customer service phone call.

Using an existing database (found in teaching resources or teacher-created), create, modify, and perform basic queries through a form to create a new table/view in a database.

Design, create, and deliver an oral presentation for a selected audience on a topic approved by the instructor. Using a specified slide number and duration, include the following elements:

A selected theme (colors, background, fonts, etc.)

Bulleted text based on a chosen style

Photographs and other imagery

Charts and graphs

Video and animated graphics

Animated transitions of slides and components within a slide

Design, create, and deliver a self-running electronic slideshow for a selected audience on a topic approved by the instructor. Using a specified slide number and duration, include the following elements:

A selected theme (colors, background, fonts, etc.)

Photographs and other imagery

Video and animated graphics

Animated transitions of slides Save the file in a format that can be tran

Research, summarize, and deliver (via presentation, document, spreadsheet data/chart, or other format) a summary of the various perspectives and ramifications surrounding an ethical issue related to modern-day electronic communications, as approved by the instructor. Develop and strengthen claim(s) and counterclaim(s) about the issue, citing supportive evidence. Potential issues include spam, flaming, cyberbullying, libel, slandering, and mining of personal data for profit.

Research, summarize, and deliver (via presentation, document, spreadsheet data/chart, or other format) a summary of the various perspectives and ramifications surrounding an ethical issue related to intellectual property rights, as approved by the instructor. Develop and strengthen claim(s) and counterclaim(s) about the issue, citing supportive evidence. Potential issues include copyright infringement, piracy, plagiarism, art licensing, creative commons, and the state/federal laws that govern them.

Explain, furnish examples, and demonstrate technical literacy with the following terms:

The Internet, World Wide Web, and various browsers

Network speeds, wireless communication, firewalls, and gateways

Domains, hyperlinks, homepages, favorites/bookmarks, plugins, tabs, and downloads/uploads

Employ skills covered in this course (document processing, spreadsheet applications, electronic presentations, databases, Internet fluency) to complete a cross curricular project approved by the instructor.

Correctly and safely execute basic file management operations on a typical personal computer and shared storage media, including the opening, creating, copying, moving, deleting, and renaming of files and folders, as well as searching for a specified file or folder on local or networked storage media.

Research effective use of cloud storage, online digital collaboration platform, and file sharing applications. Recommend and effectively employ the appropriate file storage and sharing solution for a given project.

Describe and demonstrate the correct connections and setup for a new wireless router in a home computing environment. Discuss the impact of network speeds, wireless communication, firewalls, and gateways on individual and societal productivity.

Describe the steps necessary to retrieve, download, and safely install new applications, updates, and plug-ins from the Internet.

Compare and contrast the accessibility of the Internet through a home router versus through a public wi-fi access point. Discuss the risks and advantages of using secure home networks versus publicly accessible networks.

While preparing materials and assignments in this course, use a browser to access and download Internet resources by uniform resource locator (URL), hyperlink, or favorite/bookmark.

Use a word processing program to create and format documents with academic and business styles (e.g., memos, letters, agendas, reports, tabular lists) to communicate the results of research, meetings, lab reports, and relevant assignments in this course.

Customer Service and Client Relations

Troubleshooting

Mobile Devices

Laptops

Printers and Peripheral Devices

Servers

Networking

Security

Preventative Maintenance Procedures

Safe Mode and Command Prompt

Operating Systems

Hardware

Career Exploration

Safety

Accurately read, interpret, and demonstrate adherence to safety rules, including rules published by the (1) National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), (2) rules pertaining to electrical safety, (3) Internet safety, (4) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, and (5) state and national code requirements. Be able to distinguish between rules and explain why certain rules apply.

Research the features and requirements of Microsoft operating systems. Write a brief paper that compares and contrasts the operating systems. Drawing on multiple resources, explain why it is important to know this information when installing and configuring an operating system.

Identify and explain various alternatives to install and configure an operating system. For a given assignment, install and configure an operating system by selecting the most appropriate method. Upon completion of the work, write an explanation and justify the actions by citing supporting evidence from technical manuals and industry standards. The explanation should include, but is not limited to, information on the following:

Boot methods (e.g., USB, CD-ROM, DVD, PXE)

Type of installations (e.g., creating image, unattended installation, upgrade, multiboot, etc.)

Partitioning (e.g., dynamic, basic, primary, extended, logical)

File system types/formatting (e.g., FAT, FAT32, NTFS, CDFS, quick format vs. full format)

Loading alternate third party drivers

Workgroup vs. Domain group

Driver installation

Factory recovery partition

Demonstrate an understanding of how to apply the following command line tools to identify problems with networking and operating systems. For a given assignment, follow the multistep process to execute an appropriate command and justify why it was selected to perform a specific action.

Networking (e.g., PING, TRACERT, NETSTAT, IPCONFIG, NET, NSLOOKUP, NBTSTAT)

Operating system (e.g., TASKKILL, BOOTREC, SHUTDOWN, TASKLIST, MD, RD, CD, DEL, FORMAT, COPY, XCOPY, ROBOCOPY, DISKPART, SFC, CHKDSK)

Demonstrate the proper selection and use of the following operating system features and tools. For a given assignment, explain the selection of the tools and the results.

Administrative (e.g., local security policy, Windows firewall, performance monitor, etc.)

MSCONFIG (e.g., general, boot, services, startup, and tools)

Task Manager (e.g., applications, processes, performance, networking, users)

Disk management (e.g., drive status, mounting, extending partitions, splitting, adding drives, adding arrays, etc.)

Command line utilities (e.g., MSCONFIG, REGEDIT, CMD, SERVICES.MSC, MMC, MSTSC, NOTEPAD, EXPLORER, MSINFO32, DXDIAG)

Demonstrate the proper application of the following control panel utilities that are common to all Microsoft operating systems, as well as those specific to unique Windows operating systems. Write a text describing the utilities and explain the results of the various applications.

Internet options (e.g., connections, security, general, privacy, programs, advanced)

Display/Display settings

User accounts

Folder options (e.g., view hidden files, hide extensions, general options, view options)

System (e.g., performance, remote settings, system protection)

Windows firewall

Power options (e.g., hibernate, power plans, sleep/suspend, standby)

Identify and describe the differences among the following basic operating system security settings. Write a brief paper that discusses when each setting is most applicable. Provide specific examples to support the claims.

User and groups (e.g., administrator, power user, guest, standard user)

NTFS vs. share permissions (e.g., allow vs. deny, moving vs. copying file folders and files, file attributes)

Shared files and folders (e.g., administrative vs. local folders, permission propagation, inheritance)

System files and folders

User authentication (e.g., single sign-on)

Demonstrate an understanding and application of safe mode versus the command prompt. Describe specific scenarios when the safe mode should be used to solve a problem, as well as provide specific examples of the types of tasks that can be completed using the command prompt. Also, describe when the safe mode should be used with the command prompt. For example, safe mode can be used to solve problems with corrupted and/or malicious applications.

Create and execute a plan for preventative maintenance for a computer system. The plan should include a schedule and description of the following procedures. Write a justification that explains to a client why preventative maintenance is important.

Backup

Check disk

Defragmentation

Windows updates

Patch management

Driver/firmware updates

Antivirus updates

Research and describe the most common security threats to computer systems, such as social engineering, malware, phishing, viruses, etc. Investigate and distinguish among the following common prevention methods to secure a computer system. For a given scenario, identify the most applicable best practice to secure a workstation as well as describe methods for data destruction and disposal. Implement these practices and write a justification for each scenario solution. Provide supporting evidence for each solution, drawing on technical texts and industry standards. Prevention methods include:

Physical security (e.g., lock doors, tailgating, biometrics, badges, key fobs, retinal, etc.)

Digital security (e.g., antivirus, firewalls, antispyware, user authentication, etc.)

User education

Principles of least privilege

Identify and describe the following fundamental principles of a small office / home office (SOHO) network (wireless and wired router).

MAC filtering

Channels (1 -11)

Port forwarding, port triggering

SSID broadcase (on/off)

Wireless encryption

Firewall

DHCP (on/off)

DMZ

Identify and explain the intended use of safety equipment available in the classroom. For example, demonstrate how to properly inspect, use, and maintain safe operating procedures with tools and equipment.

Given scenarios for both wired and wireless small office home office (SOHO) networks, develop and execute an appropriate plan to secure the network. The plan should address, but is not limited, to the following:

Wireless network

Change default user-names and passwords

Changing SSID

Setting encryption

Disabling SSID broadcast

Enable MAC filtering

Antenna access point placement

Radio power levels

Assign static IP addresses

Wired network

Change default usernames and passwords

Enable MAC filtering

Assign static IP addresses

Disabling ports

Physical security

Create a document that explains the purpose and components of a server. Include descriptions of the various types of servers (e.g., file, email, web, etc.) and the hardware specifications required to support each type. Using multiple resources, cite evidence to support the information identified and discussed. For example, a file server used in a home office will not require as much RAM (random access memory) as one that supports a large office building.

Explore and distinguish among the following printer types. Briefly describe their similarities and differences, as well as the imaging process required for applicable printer types. Explain why it is important to know this information when installing and configuring printers.

Laser

Inkjet

Thermal

Impact

For a given assignment, write and execute a plan to install, configure, and maintain a printer that is most appropriate for each of the following example situations. Explain and justify the selection with supporting evidence from technical manuals and computer systems texts.

Installing and configuring onto a specific operating system

Print device sharing (e.g., wired, wireless, printer hardware print server)

Printer sharing (e.g., via operating system settings)

Distinguish among and describe the following peripheral devices commonly found in computer systems. Install and configure these devices conforming to technical manuals and industry standards.

Input devices (e.g., mouse, keyboard, touch screen, scanner, barcode reader, etc.)

Multimedia devices (e.g., digital cameras, microphone, webcam, camcorder, MIDI enabled devices)

Output devices (e.g., printers, speakers, display devices)

Identify and explain the following laptop components. Citing specific examples, write a brief paper differentiating between the components and describing the purpose, properties, characteristics, and proper maintenance of each. Demonstrate proper installation and configuration of each component. For example, replace an optical drive in a laptop.

Expansion options (e.g., express card, PCMIA, SODIMM, flash)

Keyboard

Hard drive

Memory

Optical drive

Wireless card

Mini-PCIe

Screen

DC jack

Battery

Touchpad

Plastics

Speaker

System board

CPU

Compare and contrast the following components within the display of a laptop and the laptop features. Citing specific examples, write a brief paper differentiating between the components and describing the purpose and characteristics of each. Demonstrate the execution of the features. For example, turn on the keyboard back light.

Components:

Types (e.g., LCD, LED, OLED, plasma)

Wi-Fi antenna connector/placement

Inverter

Backlight

Features

Special key functions

Docking station vs. port replicator

Physical laptop lock and cable lock

Explore the following basic features of mobile operating systems. Write a brief paper that compares and contrasts these systems on the following features. Drawing on multiple resources, explain why it is important to know this information when installing and configuring an operating system.

Open source vs. closed source/vendor specific

App source (app store and market)

Screen orientation (accelerometer/gyroscope)

Screen calibration

GPS and geotracking

Research and describe the most common security threats related to mobile devices. Investigate and distinguish among the following common prevention methods to secure a mobile device.

Passcode locks

Remote wipes

Locator applications

Remote backup applications

Failed login attempts restrictions

Antivirus

Patching/OS updates

Investigate a simple problem and create a flowchart, or other graphic illustration, that explains the following steps representing a general troubleshooting theory.

Gather information from the user or operator and back up data

Verify the problem exists

Isolate the cause of the problem and generate alternative solutions

Plan a solution and resolve the problem

Verify that the problem was resolved and prevent a future occurrence

Document findings, resolution, and preventative maintenance plan

Explore the types of technical certifications recognized in the information technology (IT) industry. Write a brief paper that distinguishes between vendor neutral and vendor specific certifications, providing examples of each. Explain why earning technical certification is advantageous to IT professionals. Cite evidence from technical literature and industry standards to support claims.

Given a problem related to the following components, follow the troubleshooting theory using appropriate tools. Identify the problem and document the findings and resolution. Include an explanation of the common symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and specific tools used that led to the problem resolution.

Motherboards, RAM, CPU, and power

Hard drives and RAID arrays

Video and display

Wired and wireless networks

Client-side network connectivity

Operating systems

Security issues

Laptops

Printers

Compare and contrast the processes of servicing customers on the phone, online, on-site, or in a shop. Based on the findings, write a brief description of how to service a customer in each of these situations. Include the following in the description:

Identify questions that a customer should be asked to identify his/her problem

Approaches to dealing with difficult customers

When it is appropriate to escalate a problem to a senior support team member

How to document the services provided

Locate and access the Computer Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) website and analyze its structure, policies, and requirements for CompTIA A+ certification. Identify what steps are required to obtain the certification, and explain how to prepare for the examination.

Research the following storage devices and backup media. Create a table or other graphic organizer that lists examples of each device and details their purpose, characteristics, and proper maintenance. Demonstrate proper installation and configuration of each device while using the appropriate media.

Optical drives

Combo drives and burners

Connection types

Hard drives

Solid state / flash drives

RAID types

Floppy drive

Tape drive

Media capacity

Identify and explain the following motherboard components. Citing specific examples, write a brief paper differentiating between the components and describing the purpose, properties, and characteristics of each.

Expansion slots

RAM slots

CPU sockets

Chipsets

Jumpers

Power connections and types

Fan connectors

Front panel connectors

Bus speeds

Given an assignment with defined hardware specifications, identify the appropriate power supply. Noting the following technical components, write a text explaining the various types of power supply that were considered. Citing specific evidence, explain the characteristics of each and how the final selection was determined. Install the appropriate power supply.

Connector types and their voltages

Specifications (e.g., wattage, size, number of connectors, etc.)

Dual voltage options

Explore various types of central processing units (CPU). Describe the following characteristics of the CPU types. Identify appropriate cooling methods (e.g., heat sink, fans, thermal paste, liquidbased) for each type discussed and justify the selection with supporting evidence.

Speeds

Cores

Cache size/type

Hyperthreading

Virtualization support

Architecture (32-bit vs 64-bit)

Integrated GPU

Investigate the following memory types. Create a table or other graphic organizer that describes, compares, and contrasts each type. Explain the memory compatibility and speed, as well as the appropriate application of each memory type. Cite evidence supporting each application prescribed.

DDR

DDR2

DDR3

SDRAM

SODIMM

RAMBUS

DIMM

Parity vs. non-parity

ECC vs. non ECC

RAM configurations

Single sided vs. double sided

History & Influences of the Cosmetology Industry

History of Cosmetology: Research historical and significant milestones that influenced cosmetology changes from the beginning of civilization to the present. Identify significant time periods and major impacts of the cosmetology trends on the progression of various styles and progression of tools and equipment.

History of Techniques: Identify and compare ancient methods that have evolved into techniques being used today. Compare and contrast the dramatic changes in cosmetic and hair styles and treatments.

Influential Beauty Industry Professionals: Research and identify the contributions of major influential individuals (historical and current professionals) of the professional beauty industry and align their contributions with current beauty trends. Examples of significant contributors include, but are not limited to:

Max Factor

Vidal Sassoon

Madam C.J. Walker

T.L. Williams

Cosmetology Career Exploration

Career Pathways: Analyze career pathways within the cosmetology program of study. Use multiple sources, such as local job postings and Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development data, to describe the education requirements, job availability, salaries, and benefits. Careers may include the following, but are not limited to:

Salon Hairstylist

Salon Owner/Manager

Skin Care Specialist

Nail Technician

Natural Hair Stylist

Makeup Artist

Cosmetology Instructor

State Board Examiner

Photo/Movie/Theatre Stylist

Platform Stylist

Cosmetic Sales Representative

Cosmetic Research Chemist

Personal Characteristics and Aptitudes: Describe personal characteristics and aptitudes, including 21st century skills, needed by cosmetologists. Create a rubric for self-assessing 21st century skills and use it to evaluate course assignments and personal work. Examples include the ability to:

Communicate verbally and nonverbally in a respectful manner with clients and coworkers

Work effectively in teams and resolve conflicts when necessary

Demonstrate a positive work ethic

Understand different cultures and impact on design and hairstyles

Adapt to changes

Manage time and resources wisely

Cosmetology State Laws & Licensure

Cosmetology Laws and Licensing: Gather research and analyze information from the Tennessee Department of Commerce & Insurance-Cosmetology and Barber Examiners to explain important connections to the following:

Sanitation, disinfection, and safety laws: cleaning and disinfecting of implements and equipment, b. cleaning and disinfecting work environment, and sanitary procedures and pathogens

Licensing, certification, and industry credentialing requirements

Legal responsibilities, behaviors, and practices/procedures (ethical vs. unethical, legal vs. illegal)

Safety, Sanitation, and Efficient Work Practices

Emergencies and Procedures: Define and differentiate possible emergencies and emergency procedures such as universal precautions and blood exposure. Identify decontamination procedures to ensure the safety of the client and/or peers in the classroom and laboratory.

Chemical Safety: Demonstrate proper set-up and operation of equipment and utilization of materials by mixing disinfectants in appropriate proportions according to manufacturer’s instructions. Complete training to receive certification for mixing disinfectants such as Barbicide. Clean and maintain implements by using appropriately mixed chemicals and follow procedures for decontamination of tools in accordance with OSHA and EPA guidelines.

Sanitation Procedures: Practice, and critique procedures for maintaining a safe and sanitary environment for clients present in a cosmetology facility.

Evaluate government agencies that ensure safety and sanitation for the cosmetology industry.

Identify pathogens common to the salon setting.

Demonstrate proper sanitation and disinfection for the salon to prevent illness, communicable diseases, and injuries.

Complete an instructor-made safety test with 100 percent accuracy.

Properties and Procedures for Hair

Anatomy and Physiology of the Hair: Describe, identify, and analyze the functions, structures, diseases, and disorders of hair.

Explain the structures of the hair root and hair shaft.

Identify and evaluate the following: growth cycles of the hair, hair loss causes and treatments, hair disorders, and scalp disorders.

Properties of Hair and Scalp: Apply concepts related to the properties of the hair and scalp physiology to perform a hair and scalp analysis including the following factors: texture, density, porosity, elasticity, hair growth patterns, and dry or oily hair and scalp.

Properties of Hair Design: Demonstrate concepts related to the properties of hair design to apply the following:

Define and give examples of the elements of hair design.

Identify, define, and give examples of the principles of hair design.

Recognize and explain the importance and influence of hair type and texture to a client’s hairstyle. Define and explain the changes that influence hairstyles with different combinations of hair types and textures.

Critique each facial shape to devise the best hairstyle for each. explaining the purpose for each hairstyle as it relates to the facial shapes and hair properties.

Perform a client consultation for any given hair service.

Proper Scalp Care: Demonstrate or explain the techniques and benefits used in proper scalp care, shampooing, conditioning, and draping as it relates to the following:

Massage and specialized treatments

Hair brushing

Shampoo and conditioning services

Professional draping

Basic Hairstyling and Implements: Identify, describe, and effectively demonstrate basic hairstyling techniques and manipulating implements appropriately, include the following, but not limited to:

Sectioning

Wet hairstyling

Roller curls

Comb-Out Techniques

Thermal hairstyling

Braiding

Properties and Procedures for Skin and Nails

Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin and Nails: Describe and identify the structures, functions, diseases, and disorders of skin and nails.

Hand, Nail, and Skin Analysis: Perform a hand, nail, and skin analysis for a client. Use sanitary and safety precautions necessary for procedures including proper decontamination and infection control procedures. Demonstrate proper use of implements and equipment for manicure and pedicure procedures.

Cosmetology Career Readiness

Postsecondary Education: Research and assess apprenticeships and postsecondary institutions (colleges of applied technology, community colleges, and four-year universities) in Tennessee and other states that offer cosmetology-related programs. Evaluate each license that is attainable in the cosmetology field. Develop a career pathway plan outlining academic and career achievement goals and objectives.

Salon Ownership

Business Startup Process: Describe key components of the cosmetology business startup process (the entrepreneur, the environment, the opportunity, startup resources, and state laws, regulations, and legal responsibilities). Explain each component and identify the risks and rewards, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of owning a business versus working for someone else.

Cosmetology Law: Research and summarize all state laws and licensing procedures in the cosmetology field, including but not limited to the cosmetologist license, specialist licenses, salon license, instructor license, and cosmetology school license.

Safety, Sanitation, and Efficient Work Practices

Sanitation Procedures: Practice, and critique procedures for maintaining a safe and sanitary environment for clients present in a cosmetology facility.

Evaluate government agencies that ensure safety and sanitation for the cosmetology industry.

Identify pathogens common to the salon setting.

Demonstrate proper sanitation and disinfection for the salon to prevent illness, communicable diseases, and injuries.

Complete an instructor-made safety test with 100 percent accuracy.

Clean and maintain implements by using appropriately mixed chemicals and follow procedures for decontamination of tools in accordance with OSHA and EPA guidelines.

Chemical Safety: Demonstrate proper set-up and operation of equipment and utilization of materials by mixing disinfectants in appropriate proportions according to manufacturer’s instructions. Complete training to receive certification for mixing disinfectants such as Barbicide. Clean and maintain implements by using appropriately mixed chemicals and follow procedures for decontamination of tools in accordance with OSHA and EPA guidelines.

Equipment and back safety: Demonstrate and explain the rationale behind the following safety concepts:

Demonstrate proper posture and body positions during haircutting procedures.

Proper set-up and operation of equipment.

Differentiate the nature of electricity and electric currents and describe the relationship of electric currents to the electromagnetic spectrum as it pertains to electrical safety.

Anatomical Response to Services

Anatomy Structure and Function: Summarize the different functions, structures, and diseases and disorders of hair, skin, and nails, and explain how to properly care for hair, skin, and nails through cleanliness, nutrition, and healthful living.

Response to Treatments and Services: Compare and contrast how a client’s hair, skin, and nail anatomy reacts to various treatments and services. Explain why recognizing the differences between normal and abnormal anatomy is important in determining whether specific treatments and services are appropriate.

Skin Procedures

Proper Skin Procedures: Demonstrate proper skin procedures:

Evaluate the muscular and skeletal anatomy of the head/cranium

Demonstrate a skin care service client consultation

Demonstrate a wax service

Demonstrate basic make-up application

Demonstrate a facial with and without cleansing with ionization.

Nail Procedures

Proper Nail Procedures: Demonstrate proper nail procedures:

Demonstrate proper removal of all materials.

Use correct techniques to apply nail tips including all sanitary and safety procedures and chemical processes.

Evaluate concepts related to the advanced artificial nail techniques to demonstrate the following while adhering to all manufacturer’s directions and safety procedures:

Correctly apply artificial material, acrylic and gels, to the free edge of the natural nail and or to the full natural nail.

Hair Styling Procedures

Proper Hair Procedures: Differentiate and demonstrate the proper techniques used in scalp care, shampooing, conditioning, and draping including head massage and specialized treatments, hair brushing, shampoo and conditioning services, and sectioning.

Hairstyling Techniques and Implements: Identify, describe, and effectively demonstrate hairstyling techniques and manipulating implements appropriately, include the following, but not limited to:

Advanced hairstyling techniques

Advanced braiding

Sectioning

Wet hairstyling

Roller curls

Comb-out techniques

Thermal hairstyling

Wig Care: Evaluate different types of wigs and demonstrate proper care and storage.

Natural Hair Care Services: Demonstrate basic natural hair care services to include but not limited to:

Extensions

Braiding

Twisting

Wefts

Locks

Haircutting Procedures

Principles of Haircuts: Incorporating geometric principles, identify and analyze the purpose and interrelationships related to various haircuts to:

Compare and contrast head form and reference points used in the basic principles of haircutting.

Compare or contrast balance and consistency related to techniques using the razor, shears, or clippers.

Explain and demonstrate the purpose and importance of safety precautions and holding techniques when using various hair cutting tools (razor, shears, clippers, or thinning shears).

Haircutting Basics: Compare and contrast lines, angles, and elevation related to basic principles of hair cutting when performing and creating various haircuts that incorporate a:

Uniform layered hair cut using 90° elevation.

Long layered hair cut using 180° elevation.

Graduated hair cut using 45° elevation.

Blunt hair cut using 0° elevation.

Haircutting Terms: Research and describe the use of the following hair cutting terms based on an effective mock client consultation incorporating face shape and hair analysis that relate to:

Lines

Sections

Angles

Elevation

Guideline or design line

Over direction

Head form

Reference points

Chemical Services: Texture

Chemical Composition of Hair: Analyze and illustrate the chemical composition of the hair including: side bonds of the cortex, hair pigment, wave pattern, and curly hair.

Waving Service Consultation: Demonstrate a client consultation for permanent waving service.

Chemical Structure of the Hair: Evaluate the chemical structure and pH of hair and differentiate between the chemical texture services based on how each service affects the structure and pH of the hair including distinguishing factors between hydrogen and disulfide bonds.

Chemical Services: Color

Chemistry of Haircoloring: Examine the roles of organic and inorganic chemistry, different states of matter, oxidation-reduction reactions, and pure substances and physical mixtures as it relates to hair color. Identify and analyze the formulation of hair color in relation to hair properties. Define and analyze the classification of hair coloring and lightening and give reasons clients color their hair.

Hair Coloring Developers and Lighteners: Evaluate chemicals used in the hair coloring process including developers and lighteners.

Explain melanin’s role in the hair coloring process.

Explain the role of hydrogen peroxide in hair color formulas.

Compare and contrast lightener processes.

Color Theory: Analyze the color wheel and apply concepts of color theory to the development of hair color. Identify techniques that achieve desired hues, values, and intensities. Demonstrate the ability to color mix in various color systems, including color corrections.

Cosmetology Career Application

Cosmetology Career Pathways: Explore and evaluate career pathways in the field of cosmetology.

Safety, Sanitation, and Efficient Work Practices

Salon Safety: Identify safety hazards and demonstrate practices for safe working conditions. Evaluate government agencies and government approved agencies that ensure safety and sanitation for the cosmetology industry such as OSHA and Underwriters Laboratories. Identify guidelines that prevent illness, injury, and disease; and implement salon safety practices. Safety hazards may include fire, electrical, chemical, and infection.

Sanitation and Disinfection: Demonstrate proper sanitation and disinfection for the salon and explain the rationale behind each of the following concepts:

Identify appropriate disinfection chemicals.

Proper mixing of disinfection chemicals in appropriate proportions according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Proper equipment and tool disinfection.

Blood Exposure: Simulate blood exposure procedures on a minor mock cut or abrasion properly disposing of waste material.

Anatomical Response to Services

Anatomy Structure and Function: Summarize the different functions, structures, and diseases and disorders of hair, skin, and nails, how to properly care for hair, skin, and nails through cleanliness, nutrition, and healthful living.

Response to Treatments and Services: Compare and contrast how a client’s hair, skin, and nail anatomy reacts to various treatments and services. Explain why recognizing the differences between normal and abnormal anatomy is important in determining whether specific treatments and services are appropriate.

Advanced Properties and Procedures for Hair

Customizing Techniques and Instruments to Client’s Hair: Demonstrate and explain the rationale behind each of the following concepts:

Determine the risks and benefits of using specific techniques in the evaluation of clients’ hair including but not limited to: scalp care, shampooing, conditioning, draping, sectioning, and specialized treatments.

Explain the decisions behind selection and maintenance of implements.

Hairstyling Techniques: Effectively demonstrate advanced hairstyling techniques and explain how the elements and principles of design are incorporated.

Advanced Haircutting Techniques: Identify, describe, and effectively demonstrate advanced haircutting techniques while employing implements appropriately and using proper posture and body positions:

Perform haircuts using guides (stationary, traveling, and combination)

Razor cutting

Slide cutting

Shears-over-comb

Traveling guide haircut

Whole head blending

Various weight line haircut designs

Wig and Hair Enhancements: Research and summarize the rationale for cosmetologists to study wig and hair enhancements include the following discussion topics: the differences between human hair and synthetic hair and categories of wigs and hairpieces and their uses. Provide styling tips for clients related to categories of wigs, hairpieces, and extensions.

Extension Techniques: Evaluate various extension techniques and application methods:

Evaluating Hair and Scalp

Proper selection of extensions

Applying/Removing Extensions

Braiding

Advanced Techniques in Chemical Services

Chemical Texture Services: Demonstrate safe and effective concepts and procedures in chemical texture services to perform the following while adhering to all safety processes:

Perm techniques

Hair relaxing techniques

Curl re-forming (soft curl permanents)

Haircoloring: Evaluate concepts related to hair coloring and demonstrate the following while adhering to all directions and safety procedures:

Temporary hair color

Semipermanent hair color

Demi-permanent hair color

Single-Process Permanent Color

Double-Process Permanent Color

Toners

Advanced Hair Coloring Techniques: Investigate, analyze, and demonstrate advanced hair coloring techniques. Analyze, describe, and demonstrate the methods for highlighting, including common methods as well as specialized methods: ombre and balayage. Determine the differences between ombre and balayage.

Facials and Skin Care

Hair Removal: Investigate the features of common hair removal methods including consultation, contraindications for hair removal, permanent and temporary hair removal, and implements and materials. Be able to outline steps to all hair removal procedures. State rationale for specific contraindications for hair removal.

Facial: Demonstrate proficiency in performing a facial while incorporating the following:

Inspection of electrical connections and thermostatic temperatures on steamer or vaporizer following OSHA standards.

Inspection of electrical equipment used to perform facial cleansing and/or massage

Equipment sanitation

Consultation and skin analysis

Selection of skin care products and equipment

Facial massage manipulations and their benefits

Contraindications that prohibit performing facial treatments, including but not limited to massage with a vibrator to stimulate blood circulation

Facials for Specific Skin Types: Explain and make recommendations for performing facials for specific skin types, give thorough reasoning and explanation for the techniques, products, and/or equipment used for each treatment.

Make Up Application: Assess concepts in facial makeup and determine the following while adhering to safety and sanitation procedures:

Identify different facial types and shapes summarizing basic makeup techniques for each.

Explain the purpose of and how to use the color theory when selecting cosmetics for makeup application.

Determine and demonstrate proper make-up removal procedures with or without a toner

Perform and analyze masks and packs for various skin types (oily, dry, combination)

Identifying the uses for the various types of cosmetics and implements.

Demonstrate daytime and evening makeup application.

Advanced Nail Techniques

Advanced Nail Techniques: Demonstrate advanced nail techniques such as nail art, gel enhancements, and sculptured nails:

Demonstrate a proper table set-up procedure for various artificial nail enhancements.

Use proper disinfection techniques and infection control practices throughout the performance of nail care services using the appropriate EPA mandated and registered products.

compare and contrast the following:

nail enhancement techniques

primer reactions on nail enhancements

odor and odorless monomer on nail enhancements

Entrepreneurship in the Cosmetology Industry

Cosmetology Business Startup: Describe key components of the cosmetology business startup process (the entrepreneur, the environment, the opportunity, startup resources, and state laws, regulations, and legal responsibilities). Prepare an artifact to explain each component and identify the risks and rewards, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of owning a business versus working for someone else.

Labor Market Research: Investigate and research local labor market data and compare local cosmetology industry data to cosmetology data for the U.S. economy. Differentiate between sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company (LLC), and corporations. Examine how business cycles, economic indicators (i.e., interest rates, inflation, and unemployment) and free enterprise system characteristics such as profit motive, private property, and competition impact business decision making. Research, compare, and contrast investment opportunities and compile a list of advantages and disadvantages of business ownership.

Business Plan: Explain the purpose of a business plan and list the four major parts typically included (business description, management plan, marketing plan, and financial plan). Describe the importance of developing a business plan when seeking out potential investors or lenders. In preparation for a future career as a salon owner, develop an original business philosophy detailing one’s beliefs for how a business should be run including a baseline budget and financial goals, money management concepts, procedures and strategies, and necessary personal characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.

Business Startup Costs: Research and examine startup costs, operating costs, overhead, and personal expenses by researching and developing a financial statement based on local salon models obtained from public records or business websites. Contact local lending institutions regarding requirements for business loans and needed documentation such as personal income statement, tax records, credit reports, loan history, and personal investment. Prepare financial statements, charts, and graphs for the proposed business plan, including but not limited to:

Estimated start-up costs

Projected income statement

Projected balance sheet

Cash flow

Career exploration

Graduation Plan: Select a cosmetology pathway such as cosmetologist. Other examples may include: natural hair stylist, manicurist, or esthetician, and develop a personal graduation plan that includes steps to transition into postsecondary, salon, other cosmetology service. Explain the steps it will take to prepare for and pass certification to become licensed in the cosmetology field.

Professional Resume: Discuss what is typically included in the resumes of professionals. Compare and contrast several examples and create a personal resume modeled after elements identified in the search. Research potential employers, write a cover letter for the specific career focus that is the best match for your skills for success, and organize your portfolio for employment. Practice the interview process using the employment portfolio.

Safety, Sanitation, and Efficient Work Practices

Personal, Client, and Salon Safety: Use Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines, and state and national code requirements to identify risks of illness, communicable diseases, and injuries in the salon. Identify practices for safe working conditions giving rationale for each. Complete an instructor made safety test with 100% accuracy and demonstrate proficiency on the preexam set up and disinfection portion of the state board exam.

Posture and Body Mechanics: Demonstrate appropriate cosmetology posture and body positions while completing advanced haircutting and hairstyling techniques using the elements and principles of design.

Advanced Procedures for Nails

Advanced Nail Techniques: Demonstrate proficiency in advanced nail techniques such as nail art, gel enhancements, and sculptured nails:

Observe and identify skin and nail diseases and disorders prior to nail services and refer client to doctor or use appropriate techniques.

Use proper disinfection techniques and infection control practices throughout the performance of nail care services using the appropriate EPA mandated and registered products.

Demonstrate and explain problem solving techniques in nail art & extension design work.

Advanced Properties and Procedures for Hair

Advanced Hair Techniques: Demonstrate proficiency in advanced hair techniques such as haircutting, chemical services, and natural hair styling.

Hair and Scalp Diseases: Observe and identify hair and scalp diseases and/or disorders following safety and sanitation procedures. Refer clients to doctors and/or use recommended techniques when appropriate.

Proper Disinfection: Use proper disinfection techniques and infection control practices throughout the performance of hair care services using the appropriate EPA mandated and registered products.

Problem Solving: Demonstrate and explain problem solving techniques in advanced hair design and shaping.

Hair Removal: Employ safe and sanitary hair removal procedures.

Texturizing: Exhibit and explain the difference in texturizing techniques.

Braiding and Extensions: Demonstrate different braiding and braiding extension techniques, materials in extensions, and implements used in braiding.

Analyze the correlation between braiding techniques and a client’s hair type and texture, scalp condition, curl configuration, scalp abrasions, and hair thinning or balding.

Classify textured sets and styles used in braiding natural curly hair.

Demonstrate understanding of all braiding and braiding extension techniques.

Demonstrate and explain problem solving techniques in extension design work.

Advanced Techniques in Chemical Services

Consultation, Hair Analysis, and Chemical Service: Perform an effective consultation, hair analysis, and chemical texture service for a client. Evaluate positive and negative outcomes of the consultation, analysis, and chemical texture service. Analyze concepts related to chemical textures services to demonstrate the following while adhering to all directions and safety procedures:

Perm techniques

Hair relaxing techniques

Curl re-forming (soft curl permanents)

Hair Coloring Techniques: Evaluate concepts related to advanced haircoloring techniques and demonstrate proper procedures while adhering to all directions and safety procedures.

Special Challenges in Hair Color and Corrective Solutions: Investigate and apply problemsolving techniques for special challenges in specific hair colors and corrective solutions. Discuss effective color correction, gray hair, damaged hair, red hair color, brunettes, blondes, and other special conditions.

Advanced Techniques in Skin Care

Skin Care Techniques: Demonstrate proficiency in advanced skin care techniques such as facials, manipulations, and make up application. Observe and identify skin and facial diseases and/or disorders following safety and sanitation procedures. Refer clients to doctors and/or use recommended techniques when appropriate.

State Board Theoretical and Practical Application

State Board Theory Exam: Demonstrate a thorough understanding of the following Tennessee Board of Cosmetology Theoretical topics to prepare for the theory portion of the Tennessee Board of Cosmetology exam:

Sanitation, disinfection, and safety

Shampooing and conditioning hair

Haircutting and hair styling

Braids and braid extensions

Chemical texture services

Haircoloring

Skin care

Nail care

Licensing

State Board Practical Exam: Practice and perform the skills and procedures listed in the current Tennessee Cosmetology Practical Exam Candidate Information Bulletin, adhering to the state mandated time. Include the skills and procedures in the following areas:

Safety and Sanitation

Tip and Acrylic Nail Application

Facial Service

Waxing Service

Haircut Service

Blow Drying and Thermal Curling Service

Permanent Waving Service

Chemical Service

High Lift Application Using Foils

No Base Virgin Relaxer

Complete Virgin Relaxer Application

Relaxer Retouch

Single Process Color

End of exam with disinfection

Cosmetology Career and Business Analysis

State Laws and Licensing: Research and summarize all state laws and licensing procedures in the cosmetology field, including but not limited to the cosmetologist license, specialist licenses, salon license, instructor license, and cosmetology school license.

Cosmetology Business and Services: Work in a team to identify local area businesses and other entities that provide cosmetology services. Conduct phone or face-to-face interviews with a business to find out the specific services offered, fee structure, location(s) and hours, contact information and other information people seeking such services might require. As a class, compile a referral guide to cosmetology services in your area. Cosmetology services might include but are not limited to:

Haircutting

Coloring

Hair Styling

Manicures & Pedicures

Shampoo and Conditioning

Chemical Texture Services

Waxing

Applying makeup or eyelashes

Sentencing and Corrections

Crime Control, Due Process and the Constitution

The Judicial Process

Communication and Critical Thinking

Law Enforcement and the Public

Criminal Justice System

Explore the history and development of the three areas of the criminal justice system- (1) law enforcement, (2) legal services, and (3) corrections. Compare and contrast the interrelatedness of the three areas of the Criminal Justice system. Include :

Define communication and explain the differences in verbal and non-verbal communication. Describe the specific skills required of law enforcement officials in order to effectively communicate and interact with all individuals, including those with limited English proficiency, demonstrating sensitivity to cultural differences and other potential barriers to communication. Research the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines for law enforcement and demonstrate effective communication practices with persons of different ages and characteristics.

Analyze and practice asking significant questions to clarify various points of view. Demonstrate the use of inductive and deductive reasoning and questioning to solve predictable and unpredictable work-related problems.

Demonstrate a variety of appropriate and effective methods of communicating with the public, including techniques such as professional demeanor, active listening, empathy, projecting a confident tone of voice, paraphrasing, and the proper use of nonverbal body language. Identify different types of non-verbal communication skills such as body language and micro expressions. Demonstrate these skills in a peer interview setting. Articulate changes in body language and micro expressions in a brief observation report.

Analyze critical thinking and problem solving skills used to manage emergency situations. In a simulated emergency response situation, utilize written, electronic, and verbal communication skills while applying critical thinking and problem resolution.

Analyze the similarities, differences, and interactions between local, state, and federal court systems.

Differentiate all work groups within the local or state court systems required to conduct a criminal trial and a civil trial. Compare and contrast the members of a court work group including judge, prosecutor, defense attorney, bailiff, clerk, and jury. Identify and explain the stages of a criminal trial, and include the roles and authority of the workgroups in each stage.

Analyze and summarize various pre-trial activities including:

Pretrial motions

Plea bargaining

Bail bonds

Arraignments/initial appearance

Grand jury

Preliminary hearings

Assess and describe the importance of physical and testimonial evidence, chain of custody, and witness testimony. Explain how evidence is obtained, and the issues surrounding admissibility. Connect this information to an officer’s preparation for appearing in court.

Compare and contrast the burden of proof strategies used by the prosecution and defense. Survey court transcripts and identify strategies used by the prosecution and defense pointing out strategies and their relationship to the verdict.

Research landmark juvenile cases and the rights of juveniles. Use research findings to communicate the similarities and differences between the juvenile justice system and the adult system. Discuss pros and cons of each system.

The organization of each area

The challenges and responsibilities of each area

The careers supporting each area including a brief description of each career

Describe the three types of law enforcement: local, state, and federal. Provide the following information for each type:

Examine the crime control and due process models of criminal justice and how they relate, connecting their application to the concepts of crime, victimization, and criminal behavior along with the powers and restrictions that pertain to law enforcement. Address the significance of the Broken Windows Theory as it relates to criminal behavior.

Explore the rights of the accused guaranteed by the United States Constitution in Amendments 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 14. Review the following cases and determine effects on law enforcement policy, and corrections policy (search and seizure, exclusionary rule, Miranda, and rights of incarcerated individuals). Summarize the processing of an offender through the criminal justice system citing laws, procedures, and policies that protect the offender’s rights.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Miranda v. Arizona

Tinker v. Des Moines

Mapp v Ohio

Terry v Ohio

Katz v United States

New Jersey v TLO

In re Gault

In re Winship

Kent v U.S.

Roper v Simmons

Tennessee v Garner

Escobedo v Illinois

U.S. v Carroll

Arizona v Gant

Summarize the evolution of corrections in America from the Colonial Period to the current century. Evaluate the sentencing guidelines for misdemeanors and felonies in Tennessee , and explore various types of punishments legislated by the Public Safety Act of 2016. Research state data to determine sentencing rates and the related rehabilitation and recidivism rates for each of the following:

Imprisonment

Fines

Probation

Graduated sanctions

Community corrections

Capital Punishment

Alternative programs

Compare and contrast prisons and jails along with the working environment of each. Evaluate prison management systems and corrections officers’ obligations under the law. Include a discussion of deliberate indifference and prisoners’ rights.

Description of each type; i.e., local, state, and federal

List of agencies included in each type

Responsibilities of each type

Role in emergency preparedness response and recovery

Evaluate reasons why the juvenile system separated from the adult legal system. Explain the structure and processes of the juvenile detention system including arrest procedures, intake, pretrial diversion and transfer to adult court. Summarize the efforts underway in the state to address the problem of graduated sanctions, and evaluate the effectiveness of such efforts to date.

Evaluate the impact of various types of crime on individuals and communities including cost and psychosocial effects. Using local, state and federal statistics, determine trends and patterns in both juvenile and adult criminal activity and related problems.

Summarize the value of ethics, confidentiality, character and credibility for law enforcement careers. Justify the importance of personal traits such as integrity, respect, responsibility, confidentiality, and ethical behavior in the workplace and the impact they can have on career success.

Describe the law enforcement/public safety agency role in saving lives and the protection of lives and property. Anticipate how this role can cause stress for an officer and why physical fitness and proper nutrition are critical for officers and emergency responders.

Compare and contrast the fundamental features of civil and criminal issues within law enforcement. Connect each feature to actions an officer might use in the line of duty. Include a discussion of civil and criminal issues for officers related to their social media use/misuse.

Examine the chain of command as it pertains to law enforcement leadership and officer responsibilities differentiating the leadership qualities and roles at each level. Identify and distinguish the impact of police sub-cultures. Make generalizations about roles and leadership expectations for each position and include the characteristics and benefits of teamwork, leadership, and citizenship that apply to community, workplace and school settings.

Demonstrate the following techniques along with describing the rationale behind key concepts. May use the SkillsUSA criminal justice competition standards and competencies as a guideline:

Proper handcuffing

Traffic stop safety

Response to critical incidents such as domestic abuse, serious/fatal injury, wrecks, suicides, etc.

Corrections

Alcohol and Beverage Laws

Law and the Constitution

Law Enforcement and Police Procedure

Communication and Critical Thinking

Careers, Professionalism & Ethics

Prepare a career profile for at least one occupation in each of the following career areas: law enforcement, probation, parole, corrections and security. Use print, online, and/or personal interview sources to capture at minimum the following:

Compare and contrast the roles and responsibilities of parole and probation officers with that of law enforcement officers in relation to search and seizure. Explain how evidence collected by the parole/probation officer might be used in court. Research cases such as Dulin v. State of Indiana and determine how the exclusionary rule was applied in each case.

Compare sources of information such as UCR, NIBRS, and NCVS that are used for analyzing statistics which include calls for service, incident reports, field interview cards, investigative reports, supplemental reports, interviews, surveys, questionnaires, and city planning and demographic information. Review the TBI’s annual Crime in Tennessee reports as a comparison to the UCR, NIBRS, and NCVS. Utilize the information to determine trends, patterns and impact

Investigate current national and global issues concerning terrorism and homeland security citing policies related to each. Understand the role of cyber-security professionals within the homeland defense community and the methods and techniques used to combat public and private cyber-attacks. Describe public safety agencies roles in :

preventing terrorism

enhancing security

managing border security

securing cyberspace

preparing for and responding to rallies and protests

preparing for and responding to emergencies and disasters

Summarize the six types of laws (criminal, civil, case, administrative, statutory, common), and discuss the purpose of each. Draw connections between sample laws for each type. Connections may include but are not limited to:

relevant legal concepts such as burden of proof

applicable defenses

punishments

Analyze various trial procedures including, but not limited to:

Choosing a Jury

Opening Statements

Witness Testimony and Cross-Examination

Closing Arguments

Jury Instruction

Jury Deliberation and Verdict

In the context of crime control and due process, analyze constitutional impacts on law enforcement and correctional officers’ duties including a range of constitutional issues such as interviews, interrogations, arrests, and detainment. Analyze and discuss the constitutional limits on law enforcement agencies including the laws of arrest, search and seizure, admission of evidence, and confessions. Apply constitutional interpretation to specific fact based scenarios in law enforcement as they relate to these concepts.

Compare and contrast interrogation techniques used by law enforcement personnel. Summarize the planning and execution of an interview/interrogation using techniques and topics such as neurolinguistic programming; rapport building; questioning; and documenting the interviews and interrogations while maintaining the constitutional rights of suspects and victims.

Summarize standards of proof and their application to adult and juvenile cases. Synthesize information in a mock investigation combined with relevant common and statutory law to create a warrant application that demonstrates probable cause. Survey court transcripts and verify the reasonableness of searches and seizures as interpreted by the 4th Amendment.

Describe the criminal process, and the types of criminal defenses related to the situation in which each is used. Use appropriate legal terminology including, but not limited to mens rea, actus reus, mala prohibita, and mala in se.

Define alcoholic beverages and differentiate between legal and illegal alcohol sales. Cite state laws to support analysis of the differences. Investigate organizations that have formed over the past century to combat the negative effects of alcohol abuse in teens and adults. Relate how legislation and law enforcement practices have changed due to the efforts of these organizations.

Job description

Essential knowledge and skills needed for the career

Program or path of study to reach occupational goals, beginning with high school and proceeding through postsecondary and/or military options

Licensure and credentialing requirements

Non-educational job requirements such as physical fitness tests, minimum age, polygraph and background checks, and psychological evaluations

Resume writing

Defend the importance of strong community relations and support the need for diversity among police officers in local precincts. Analyze how elements of the community system interact with each other to increase the law enforcement/community bond. Use situational management concepts to find optimal resolutions for real-world scenarios.

Research laws and procedures utilized by law enforcement to address offenses for driving while intoxicated and driving under the influence including traffic accident investigation, accident report writing, accident reconstruction, and scene mapping technology such as Total Station.

Survey the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration (NHTSA) safety desk book for guidelines related to alcohol and drug-impaired driving. Differentiate driving under the influence and distracted driving/texting using NHTSA information.

Analyze the elements of criminal acts according to Tennessee laws, including Alcoholic Beverage Code, Family Code, Penal Code, Health and Safety Code, and Criminal Code of Procedure; define crime categories and respective punishments according to the Tennessee Code Annotated.

Research and summarize concepts surrounding prison life and daily operations in a correctional facility including but not limited to:

The booking process

Taking fingerprints on a 10-print card

The prison classification system

Contemporary issues such as

Prison over-crowding

Growing caseloads for probation officers

Use of evidence-based practices

The changing landscape of community corrections

Survey components of physical and psychological health and well-being for criminal justice professionals. Evaluate the Tennessee Law Enforcement Training Academy fitness requirements and prioritize components of nutrition, strength and agility, psychological health and lifetime fitness as they relate to optimum performance for law enforcement officers.

Discuss the importance of professionalism and proper ethical decision making that applies to various criminal justice careers. Include a discussion of rules and regulations used to instill professional and ethical behavior by individuals employed in the various sectors of the criminal justice system to include the sharing of confidential information by these individuals.

Demonstrate effective communication in various situations. Relate the ideas and concepts of both verbal and written communication with suspects, victims, general public, other officers, and court affiliates. Demonstrate skills required for dispatcher/emergency communication along with the skill of taking notes from a verbal narrative.

Apply appropriate problem-solving strategies and critical-thinking skills to work-related issues and tasks using conflict-resolution, anger-management skills, escalation/de-escalation techniques, and procedures to resolve problems. Research emergency response and create an emergency response plan, then role play the implementation of the response plan using the above skills and criminal justice vocabulary.

Identify compliance issues facing public security professionals in various agencies from private security to local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies including:

The importance of the private security and public safety Code of Ethics.

The need to comply with department policy and federal guidelines.

The importance of a daily individual patrol and location action plan.

Liability of individuals in private and public security

Demonstrate the following techniques along with describing the rationale behind key concepts. May use the SkillsUSA criminal justice competition standards and competencies as a guideline:

High risk traffic stop safety

Building search and clearing (may be done virtually)

Search of persons (frisk vs search)

Basic self-defensive tactics (may be done virtually)

Road side interview techniques

Basic response to calls for service

Basic First Aid and CPR overview

Techniques for restraining individuals without violating their individual rights.

Demonstrate proper techniques for searching, measuring, and sketching a crime scene. Summarize the most common types of physical evidence, collection methods, proper packaging techniques, and chain of custody documentation.

Physical Evidence Analysis

Elements of Investigation

Career Planning

Scope and Development of Forensic Science

Articulate important historical events and the associated contributors impacting the evolution of forensic science and crime scene investigation in the United States. Contributors should include, but are not limited to Locard, Orfila, Bertillon, Galton, Goddard, and Bass.

Explain the physical composition of glass and relate the characteristics of various types such as tempered and laminated. Demonstrate the skill of identifying the classifications of glass fragments, and calculate the projectile path by examining glass fractures at a simulated scene.

Examine the forensic tools used in a field sobriety test and a blood alcohol test, and describe legal guidelines that must be followed when performing each of these tests as they relate to the constitutional rights of suspects. Evaluate concepts of toxicology and metabolism of alcohol, and determine the effects of alcohol on persons of different weights, ages, and genders.

Evaluate a death related to chemicals that can be harmful or poisonous to the human body, such as drugs or carbon monoxide. Describe the process for collecting and preserving toxicology evidence and the techniques used for detecting the type of substance.

Analyze the scientific basis of tests performed on various body fluids and/or stains at a crime scene to determine their origins. Demonstrate collection of simulated body fluids from a staged crime scene to preserve and prevent contamination of the sample. Include in the demonstration compliance with OSHA standards of practice when dealing with blood and body fluids.

Describe the techniques used to excavate bones from a crime scene and the methods for distinguishing human bones from animal bones. Identify the parameters for determining the age, sex, and possible ethnicity of a human skull.

Review an autopsy report to determine the time and cause of death through evaluation of body temperature, rigor mortis, post mortem lividity, appearance of eyes, skin color, and presence of arthropods. Document findings in an appropriate format.

Link the development of DNA testing and the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) with changes in the criminal justice system, using professional journals, case studies, court cases, or interviews with law enforcement or forensic scientists.

Document the interpretation of a simulated bloodstain pattern, including the following information:

Data gathered from pattern analysis concerning the violent event

Impact of surface texture, directionality, and angle on pattern

Calculation of angle of impact

Methods to determine the area of convergence and area of origin for impact spatter patterns

Whether the spatter is classified as a low-, medium-, or high-velocity impact spatter

How the pattern was created and distinguishing features

Type of spatter

Compare and contrast the physical and microscopic properties of human hair vs. animal hair. Demonstrate the skills of collecting and preserving hair evidence at a simulated crime scene.

Explain the automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS), why it was developed, and how it is currently being utilized in law enforcement. Demonstrate the procedure for detecting fingerprints, developing latent prints, and preserving developed prints.

Describe the eleven sections of forensic science as defined by the American Academy of Forensic Science. Articulate the careers, roles and functions of each section.

Identify the recognizable characteristics, from bullets and cartridge casings, at a staged crime scene or from a case study. Explain, using a visual, how these characteristics are placed in the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network and the uses of the network by local, state, and federal law enforcement.

Research the concepts surrounding bullet trajectory and its uses in criminal investigations for determining victim and suspect locations and movements at a crime scene. Prepare a professional written report summarizing this information.

Compare and contrast the various forensic techniques used at a crime scene and in the laboratory to determine gunpowder residue, shoe prints, tool marks, tire marks and bite marks. Provide a full explanation of each test.

Describe the evolution of the modern crime laboratory. Discuss the features of present-day crime labs, and explore how they have changed law enforcement and the conviction of criminals, their services and capabilities, and the new or emerging technologies they use.

Using the American Academy of Forensic Science and Young Forensic Scientist Forum, investigate occupations within forensic science. Demonstrate an understanding of each occupation by accurately articulating the following:

Roles and responsibilities of the position

Comparison of similar careers available in local, state, federal, and military systems

Educational, training, and certification requirements

Compare and contrast the roles and responsibilities of parole and probation officers with that of law enforcement officers in relation to search and seizure. Explain how evidence collected by the parole/probation officer might be used in court. Research cases such as Dulin v. State of Indiana and determine how the exclusionary rule was applied in each case.

Analyze and explain the steps in crime scene documentation.

First responder responsibilities

Preliminary survey

Crime scene search methods including triangulation, rectangular coordinates, straight-line methods, and transecting baseline coordinates

Identification and marking of evidence

Narrative description

Administrative notes

Photography

Sketching/Diagramming

Evidence recovery log

Review the legal and acceptable methods for collecting, packaging, and preserving physical evidence and the initiation and maintenance of the chain of custody. Using a mock crime scene:

Document the crime scene using the steps identified in standard 10

Demonstrate proper methods of evidence collection and packaging

Initiate the chain of custody for each piece of evidence collected

Identify emerging technologies and techniques being utilized by law enforcement while gathering and processing evidence at a crime scene and in the laboratory. Review a current or recent court case that utilized one of these technologies or techniques, and decide if the use of the technology/technique infringed on the defendant’s rights.

Investigate the science surrounding the physical properties of matter, and explain how they are related to the role of the law enforcement officer when collecting evidence. Apply the principles of temperature, weight and mass, density, and refractive index in the context of forensic science.

Garde Manger

Kitchen Staples

Cooking Principles

Preparation Techniques

Kitchen Equipment

Recipe Basics

Nutrition and Health Overview

Foodservice Careers

History & Influences on the Food Service Industry

Safety & Sanitation

Synthesize research from government publications such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Codes to identify the pathogens found in foods. Create an alphabetical index of pathogens, citing the research, which illustrates the required environmental factors for transmission, symptoms, and categories.

Compare and contrast the qualities of effective and ineffective teams. Work collaboratively to correct and refine the actions of team members to ensure productivity. Throughout the course, demonstrate teamwork, problem solving, and decision making skills when working collaboratively.

Identify, analyze, and visually represent the macro- and micro- nutrients required in the human diet. Include the common food sources of those nutrients, their chemical properties, and function in the body, as well as the influence upon biological systems in reference to maintenance and growth.

Macro nutrients include: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Micro nutrients include: minerals, vitamins, and water

Differentiate between food allergies and food intolerances, and describe the body’s reaction to each. Research the eight (8) most common food allergens. Make recommendations for food substitutes and recipe modifications to avoid foods that may cause a reaction, citing specific reasoning and evidence to justify the recommendation.

Examine the anatomy of a recipe identifying the key points and functions of each (name, yield, portion size, ingredients, quantity, and methods). Define common recipe terminology. Use the definitions to gain a proficient working understanding of terms and characteristics used in the standardized recipes.

Compare and contrast the components of a standardized recipe with a home recipe, citing evidence from each recipe format to support comparisons. Using proper formulas, apply the correct conversion factor to increase and decrease the yield according to specifications noted in recipes.

Follow recipes precisely, including defining and utilizing specific culinary and measurement terms as needed. Discuss ways to reduce waste in food products.

Identify, describe, and effectively demonstrate the use of hand tools and smallwares used in commercial food preparation. Using supporting evidence from a variety of equipment manuals and fact sheets, create an informational guide to differentiate the functions, cleaning procedures, storage, and examples of proper use of tools used in commercial foodservice.

Examine various pieces of large equipment employed in commercial kitchens, including refrigeration units, holding units, grills and broilers, ranges and ovens. Explain the properties of design and their relationship to functionality for each piece of equipment examined. Determine the appropriate equipment needed for various tasks performed in the commercial kitchen, properly demonstrate safe use, and outline and practice proper cleaning procedures.

Identify, and be able to select, the appropriate measuring tools (i.e. measuring cups, pitchers, spoons, scales, and thermometers) for a variety of ingredients. Execute proper measuring required for ingredients for recipes in lab settings.

Distinguish among the different types of knives (i.e. paring, serrated, slicers, utility, and chef’s) and explain their elements of construction. Identify and demonstrate the correct use, sharpening techniques, and storage options for each type of knife examined. Create a how- to graphic outlining the proper safety handling techniques when using knifes in the kitchen, citing evidence.

Summarize the requirements for proper disposal and storage of chemicals used in the commercial foodservice laboratory and adhere to laboratory work requirements throughout the course. Create or update an existing binder of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) outlining how to work with chemicals and potential hazards. Develop a list of, and demonstrate, procedures to schedule when cleaning and sanitizing the commercial foodservice laboratory using the proper chemicals and disposal of waste; include the list in the student portfolio.

Categorize the different types of cuts by justifying how they should be used for a given recipe or presentation. Prepare a workstation for knife work. Practice and execute the three basic knife cuts (slice, stick, and dice) using the correct safety methods. Upload either a picture or video into the student portfolio documenting correct use.

Using culinary resources, such as textbooks or industry magazines, compare and contrast dry, moist, and combination cooking methods in a class discussion. Create an informational artifact that describes each method, locate an example recipe for each, and demonstrate effective use of the technique in a laboratory setting. Examples may include:

Blanching

Baking

Grilling

Frying

Poaching

Boiling

Broiling

Create an index of basic seasonings, herbs, and spices used in professional kitchens. Research and cite evidence from digital text resources and culinary guides that describes the sources, varied forms, and uses in professional kitchens. Assess the cost of using fresh herbs or substituting dried herbs without affecting the quality of the final product. Provide an example of a recipe for which the substitution may be made successfully.

Distinguish the differences in form and flavor between the variety of sweeteners (i.e. sugar, molasses, honey, brown sugar, maple syrup, corn syrup, and agave nectar) from a taste test/observation in the lab setting. Discuss common substitutions for sweeteners in recipes without compromising quality, citing culinary research.

Compare and contrast the different types of starches used in commercial kitchens and describe the physical properties of each. Create a chart that describes which starch is best suited for each function in the kitchen, citing an example dish.

Flour (all-purpose, semolina, rice flour)

Cornmeal

Cornstarch

Arrowroot

Breadcrumbs (panko, dried, and fresh breadcrumbs)

Research the roles of acids as ingredients in the kitchen using culinary journals and text. Form a hypothesis and design and conduct an experiment to identify the role of the acid ingredients in relations to food preparation techniques. Summarize experiment results into an argument making a claim about the impact of a selected acid ingredient on food composition. Compare results to findings in news media and note when findings support or contradict previous explanations or accounts. Acid ingredients may include but are not limited to vinegars, lemon juice, and lime juice.

Salads: Compare and contrast the different types of salads (i.e. simple, composed, and bound) and the role of the ingredients in each, citing evidence from culinary textbooks. Using print or digital resources, discuss the qualities of simple and emulsified dressings, citing examples of each. Evaluate a salad recipe, analyzing the choice of ingredients, and any proposed modifications, or substitute ingredients. Draft the recipe with modification and prepare the salad. Include the recipe and a photo of the salad in the student portfolio.

Sandwiches: Categorize the different types of sandwiches, discussing the roles of ingredients, assembly methods, and attributes. Create a recipe for a cold sandwich that reflects the local taste of your region and culinary trends. The recipe should reflect the use of local products, taste of consumers, and connections to the region. Craft an accompanying explanatory text discussing the use of the local products, connection to the region, and description of the sandwich.

Compile, practice, and critique safety and sanitation procedures related to handling, preparing, storing, and serving food from industry-approved technical manuals and government published fact sheets. Identify, review, and demonstrate general laboratory safety procedures including but not limited to prevention and control procedures of pest, insects, and rodents and personal hygiene expectations. Incorporate safety procedures and complete safety test with 100 percent accuracy; include exam in course portfolio.

Articulate important historical events and milestones that influenced culinary practices from ancient times to the present. Create a timeline or other graphic to illustrate the major impacts of these culinary practices on the progression of various styles of cuisine, citing specific textual evidence from research.

Research the growth and development of the foodservice industry, focusing on the influence of significant contributors. Craft an explanatory text to outline significant contributions and the impact on the modern day industry. Examples of significant contributors include, but are not limited to:

Maire-Antoine Careme

Auguste Escoffier

Catherine de Medici

Fernand Point

Alexis Soyer

Evaluate factors that influence the foodservice industry. Form a hypothesis about how specific factors may impact the foodservice industry. Develop claim(s) and counterclaim(s) fairly, supplying data and text-based evidence. Influential factors may include:

Economic climate

Social changes

Globalization of cuisines

Green technologies

Farm to Table

Compile and analyze real-time labor market data, including economic and demographic trends, and compare with authentic vacancy announcements on local and national job boards. Use this information to compare and contrast occupations by education requirements, job availability, salaries, and benefits. Outline an educational pathway to obtain the necessary level of education and relevant certifications for a chosen occupation in the foodservice industry, review and revise throughout the program of study.

Create an organizational diagram of the kitchen workstations in the brigade system, labeling each workstation with its unique list of roles and responsibilities. Examine the licensing, certification, and credentialing requirements for each position. Craft an explanatory essay describing modern variations of the brigade system and how it enhances productivity.

Conduct research to develop a persuasive essay on contemporary issues and challenges facing the foodservice industry. Synthesize multiple perspectives and advance an original argument to address the issues. Develop claim(s) and counterclaim(s) fairly, supplying data and text-based evidence. Contemporary issues and challenges may include but are not limited to:

Living wage

Labor demands

Customer demands

Technology advances impacting labor needs

Bakeshop Preparation

Bakeshop Basics

Food Preparation

Dining Room Service

Safety & Sanitations

Analyze the concepts and principles of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) program approach to food safety from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in relation to meats and seafood. Create an informational graphic to summarize the program’s approach and demonstrate ability to follow procedures outlined within.

Referring to research from sources such as the American Egg Board or the Incredible Egg website, summarize the anatomy of eggs, and categorize the forms, grades, and sizes in which eggs may be purchased. Evaluate the storage procedures and principles, especially noting the temperature, time, and storage considerations concerning an egg’s porous shell. Compile a collection of recipes highlighting the diverse role of eggs in commercial kitchens.

Identify major species and breeds of livestock and poultry utilized for meat production. Describe the composition of the meat (i.e., muscle, connective tissues, fat, and bones) and its impact on the quality analysis of the meat, including, but not limited to, marbling. Write an informative text summarizing the effects of aging on the texture of meats and poultry.

Analyze the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) inspection and grading procedures for meat. Summarize how meats are graded, classified, and inspected. Examine how meat carcasses are cut into primal and subprimal cuts of meats, outlining the importance of uniform portioning.

Summarize how poultry is classified by bird type, size, and age in the foodservice industry. Craft an explanation supporting how the size of poultry items affects the portion control, tenderness, and cost of dishes. Calculate the price of a whole bird compared to the cost of purchasing individual pieces by fabricating a whole chicken.

Compare and contrast the differences in mechanical and chemical tenderizers used in meat preparation. Discuss how the cut of meat influences the type of tenderizer and cooking method used when preparing. Research and develop a corresponding data table for the proper cooking methods of each cut.

Identify, describe, and effectively demonstrate the use of hand tools and smallwares used in the bakeshop area of the commercial kitchen. Using supporting evidence from a variety of equipment manuals and fact sheets, create an informational guide to differentiate the functions, cleaning procedures, storage, and examples of proper use of tools used in commercial foodservice.

Compare and contrast the variety of mixing methods used in commercial kitchens. Demonstrate and practice these methods determined by the nature of the ingredient and desired product. Either record a video or take a picture to demonstrate mastery of techniques to place in the student portfolio. Execute proper mixing techniques when mixing ingredients in labs. Mixing methods include, but are not limited to:

Beat

Blend

Cream

Cut in

Fold

Knead

Whip

Summarize from recipes and other culinary resources the differences in baking ingredients used in commercial kitchens, and describe the physical properties of each. Create a chart that describes which ingredients are best suited for each function in the bakeshop, citing an example dish with claims from research that supports the rational provided.

Flour (high-gluten, bread flour, all-purpose, pastry, cake, whole wheat, self-rising, rye flour)

Sweeteners (granulated sugar, powdered sugar, brown sugar, molasses, honey, and corn syrup)

Shortening

Leavening agents (chemical and yeast)

Chocolate (powder, butter, and coating)

Summarize the differences in yeast breads, quick breads, and traditional batters, noting the differences in leaveners, preparation/mixing methods, and baking methods. Create an outline of the scientific processes that occur in mixing, kneading, and proofing yeast breads.

Compile a collection of recipes from multiple sources that illustrates the diversity of bread products in commercial kitchens. Demonstrate proper preparation methods to prepare one or more of the selected recipes.

Compile, practice, and critique safety and sanitation procedures related to handling, preparing, storing, and serving food from industry-approved technical manuals and government published fact sheets. Identify, review, and demonstrate common laboratory safety procedures, including but not limited to prevention and control procedures and personal hygiene expectations. Incorporate safety procedures and complete safety test with 100 percent accuracy; include exam in the student portfolio.

Summarize and practice the two main mixing methods (one-stage and creaming) of cookies from sample recipes, notating the multiple steps involved. Analyze the forming techniques of cookies (i.e., drop, rolled, spritz/pressed, sheet, icebox, and bar), and describe how each contributes to the overall appearance, flavor, and texture, citing evidence from culinary textbooks and research gathered in the kitchen laboratory.

Compile a collection of cookie recipes from multiple sources. Develop an original recipe, taking into consideration the ingredient proportions, flavor profile, and presentation of the final product. In small groups, review and revise the recipes of peers. Take a photograph of the prepared cookie and place in the student portfolio.